Institute of Fundamental Technological Research
Polish Academy of Sciences

Staff

Michał Milczarek, MSc

Department of Mechanics of Materials (ZMM)
position: PhD Student
PhD student
telephone: (+48) 22 826 12 81 ext.: 434
room: 239
e-mail:
ORCID: 0000-0002-5510-2093

Recent publications
1.  Milczarek M., Jarząbek D., Jenczyk P., Bochenek K., Filipiak M., Novel paradigm in AFM probe fabrication: Broadened range of stiffness, materials, and tip shapes, TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, ISSN: 0301-679X, DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2023.108308, Vol.180, No.108308, pp.1-12, 2023

Abstract:
Atomic force microscopes could be used in wide range of nanotribology experiments but probes available on the market are only made of silicon or silicon nitride with a stiffness in the range of 0.01–100 N/m, which significantly limits the possible research. We strive to solve this problem by designing all-metal probes. The proposed fabrication method is characterised by the use of a copper substrate and electrodeposition in a mould prepared by indentation and photolithography. Prototype probes fabricated with this method were made of nickel with a stiffness of 20 N/m and 2800 N/m and were used for topography and friction measurements. Both the method and all-metal probes showed flexibility and great potential, especially in the field of nano/microtribology.

Keywords:
Atomic force microscopy, Microfabrication, Cantilever, Metal probe, Friction, Nanotribology

Affiliations:
Milczarek M. - IPPT PAN
Jarząbek D. - IPPT PAN
Jenczyk P. - IPPT PAN
Bochenek K. - IPPT PAN
Filipiak M. - other affiliation
2.  Alvi S., Milczarek M., Jarząbek D.M., Hedman D., Kohan M.G., Levintant-Zayonts N., Vomiero A., Akhtar F., Enhanced mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of high-entropy HfMoNbTaTiVWZr thin film metallic glass and its nitrides, Advanced Engineering Materials, ISSN: 1438-1656, DOI: 10.1002/adem.202101626, pp.2101626-1-10, 2022

Abstract:
The inception of high-entropy alloy promises to push the boundaries for new alloy design with unprecedented properties. This work reports entropy stabilisation of an octonary refractory, HfMoNbTaTiVWZr, high-entropy thin film metallic glass, and derived nitride films. The thin film metallic glass exhibited exceptional ductility of ≈60% strain without fracture and compression strength of 3 GPa in micro-compression, due to the presence of high density and strength of bonds. The thin film metallic glass shows thermal stability up to 750 °C and resistance to Ar-ion irradiation. Nitriding during film deposition of HfMoNbTaTiVWZr thin film of strong nitride forming refractory elements results in deposition of nanocrystalline nitride films with compressive strength, hardness, and thermal stability of up to 10 GPa, 18.7 GPa, and 950 °C, respectively. The high amount of lattice distortion in the nitride films leads to its insulating behaviour with electrical conductivity as low as 200 S cm−1 in the as-deposited film. The design and exceptional properties of the thin film metallic glass and derived nitride films may open up new avenues of development of bulk metallic glasses and the application of refractory-based high entropy thin films in structural and functional applications.

Affiliations:
Alvi S. - Luleå University of Technology (SE)
Milczarek M. - IPPT PAN
Jarząbek D.M. - IPPT PAN
Hedman D. - Luleå University of Technology (SE)
Kohan M.G. - Luleå University of Technology (SE)
Levintant-Zayonts N. - IPPT PAN
Vomiero A. - Luleå University of Technology (SE)
Akhtar F. - Luleå University of Technology (SE)
3.  Grzywacz H., Jenczyk P., Milczarek M., Michałowski M., Jarząbek D.M., Burger model as the best option for modeling of viscoelastic behavior of resists for nanoimprint lithography, Materials, ISSN: 1996-1944, DOI: 10.3390/ma14216639, Vol.14, No.21, pp.6639-1-12, 2021

Abstract:
In this study, Atomic Force Microscopy-based nanoindentation (AFM-NI) with diamond-like carbon (DLC) coated tip was used to analyze the mechanical response of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) thin films (thicknesses: 235 and 513 nm) on a silicon substrate. Then, Oliver and Pharr (OP) model was used to calculate hardness and Young’s modulus, while three different Static Linear Solid models were used to fit the creep curve and measure creep compliance, Young’s modulus, and viscosity. Values were compared with each other, and the best-suited method was suggested. The impact of four temperatures below the glass transition temperature and varied indentation depth on the mechanical properties has been analyzed. The results show high sensitivity on experiment parameters and there is a clear difference between thin and thick film. According to the requirements in the nanoimprint lithography (NIL), the ratio of hardness at demolding temperature to viscosity at molding temperature was introduced as a simple parameter for prediction of resist suitability for NIL. Finally, thinner PMMA film was tentatively attributed as more suitable for NIL.

Keywords:
PMMA, atomic force microscopy-based nanoindentation, Young’s modulus, hardness, viscosity, Burger creep model, nanoimprint lithography

Affiliations:
Grzywacz H. - IPPT PAN
Jenczyk P. - IPPT PAN
Milczarek M. - IPPT PAN
Michałowski M. - Warsaw University of Technology (PL)
Jarząbek D.M. - IPPT PAN
4.  Psiuk R., Milczarek M., Jenczyk P., Denis P., Jarząbek D., Bazarnik P., Pisarek M., Mościcki T., Improved mechanical properties of W-Zr-B coatings deposited by hybrid RF magnetron – PLD method, APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE, ISSN: 0169-4332, DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.151239, Vol.570, pp.151239-1-11, 2021

Abstract:
In this work, novel W-Zr-B coatings were developed by a hybrid process combining pulsed laser deposited ZrB2 and radio frequency magnetron sputtered W2B5. The influence of the laser power density on the structure and mechanical properties of the deposited films was studied. Addition of zirconium causes a change in the structure of the deposited films from columnar to mainly amorphous. The nanoindentation tests and compression of nanopillars showed that doped W-Zr-B layers are still super-hard and incompressible in comparison to WB2 films without doping, but they change their behaviour from brittle to ductile. Films obtained with a fluence of 1.06 J/cm2 are superhard (H = 40 ± 4 GPa) and incompressible (12 ± 1 GPa), but possess a relatively low Young’s modulus (E = 330 ± 32 GPa) and a high elastic recovery (We = 0.9). Further increase in the fluence causes films to consist of deeply embedded fragments of laser ablated ZrB2 target in the deposited layer. Taking into account that the particles are made of ZrB2 which possess extraordinary thermal properties, and the matrix is made of W-Zr-B, a super-hard material, such a composite can also be interesting for industrial applications.

Keywords:
superhard tungsten borides, hybrid magnetron sputtering – pulsed laser deposition, nanopillar compression

Affiliations:
Psiuk R. - IPPT PAN
Milczarek M. - IPPT PAN
Jenczyk P. - IPPT PAN
Denis P. - IPPT PAN
Jarząbek D. - IPPT PAN
Bazarnik P. - Warsaw University of Technology (PL)
Pisarek M. - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
Mościcki T. - IPPT PAN
5.  Jenczyk P., Grzywacz H., Milczarek M., Jarząbek D.M., Mechanical and tribological properties of co-electrodeposited particulate-reinforced metal matrix composites: a critical review with interfacial aspects, Materials, ISSN: 1996-1944, DOI: 10.3390/ma14123181, Vol.14, No.12, pp.3181-1-36, 2021

Abstract:
Particulate-reinforced metal matrix composites (PRMMCs) with excellent tribo-mechanical properties are important engineering materials and have attracted constant scientific interest over the years. Among the various fabrication methods used, co-electrodeposition (CED) is valued due to its efficiency, accuracy, and affordability. However, the way this easy-to-perform process is carried out is inconsistent, with researchers using different methods for volume fraction measurement and tribo-mechanical testing, as well as failing to carry out proper interface characterization. The main contribution of this work lies in its determination of the gaps in the tribo-mechanical research of CED PRMMCs. For mechanical properties, hardness is described with respect to measurement methods, models, and experiments concerning CED PRMMCs. The tribology of such composites is described, taking into account the reinforcement volume fraction, size, and composite fabrication route (direct/pulsed current). Interfacial aspects are discussed using experimental direct strength measurements. Each part includes a critical overview, and future prospects are anticipated. This review paper provides an overview of the tribo-mechanical parameters of Ni-based co-electrodeposited particulate-reinforced metal matrix composite coatings with an interfacial viewpoint and a focus on hardness, wear, and friction behavior.

Keywords:
experimental mechanics, tribology, co-electrodeposited composites

Affiliations:
Jenczyk P. - IPPT PAN
Grzywacz H. - IPPT PAN
Milczarek M. - IPPT PAN
Jarząbek D.M. - other affiliation
6.  Grzywacz H., Milczarek M., Jenczyk P., Dera W., Michałowski M., Jarząbek D.M., Quantitative measurement of nanofriction between PMMA thin films and various AFM probes, MEASUREMENT, ISSN: 0263-2241, DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108267, Vol.168, pp.108267-1-13, 2020

Abstract:
This study reports the quantitative, precise and accurate results of nanoscale friction measurements with the use of an Atomic Force Microscope calibrated with a precise nanoforce sensor. For this purpose, three samples of spin-coated thin Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) films were prepared with the following thicknesses: 235, 343, and 513 nm. Three different AFM probes were used for the friction measurements: with diamond-like carbon (DLC) tip with a small (15 nm) or big (2 µm) tip radius, and a reference silicon tip with a small (8 nm) radius. The results show that in all of the studied cases, the coefficient of friction strongly depends on the applied load, being much higher for a lower load. Furthermore, a strong relation of the friction force on the cantilever's geometry, the scanning velocity, and the film thickness was observed.

Keywords:
lateral force microscopy, friction, thin PMMA films, atomic force microscope, DLC coatings, adhesion

Affiliations:
Grzywacz H. - other affiliation
Milczarek M. - IPPT PAN
Jenczyk P. - IPPT PAN
Dera W. - IPPT PAN
Michałowski M. - Warsaw University of Technology (PL)
Jarząbek D.M. - other affiliation
7.  Jarząbek D.M., Milczarek M., Nosewicz S., Bazarnik P., Schift H., Size effects of hardness and strain rate sensitivity in amorphous silicon measured by nanoindentation, METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE, ISSN: 1073-5623, DOI: 10.1007/s11661-020-05648-w, Vol.51, No.4, pp.1625-1633, 2020

Abstract:
In this work, dynamic mechanical properties of amorphous silicon and scale effects were investigated by the means of nanoindentation. An amorphous silicon sample was prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Next, two sets of the samples were investigated: as-deposited and annealed in 500 °C for 1 hour. A three-sided pyramidal diamond Berkovich's indenter was used for the nanoindentation tests. In order to determine the strain rate sensitivity (SRS), indentations with different loading rates were performed: 0.1, 1, 10, 100 mN/min. Size effects were studied by application of maximum indentation loads in the range from 1 up to 5 mN (penetrating up to approximately one-third of the amorphous layer). The value of hardness was determined by the Oliver-Pharr method. An increase of hardness with decrease of the indentation depth was observed for both samples. Furthermore, the significant dependence of hardness on the strain rate has been reported. Finally, for the annealed samples at low strain rates a characteristic "elbow" during unloading was observed on the force-indentation depth curves. It could be attributed to the transformation of (β-Sn)-Si to the PI (pressure-induced) a-Si end phase.

Affiliations:
Jarząbek D.M. - IPPT PAN
Milczarek M. - IPPT PAN
Nosewicz S. - IPPT PAN
Bazarnik P. - Warsaw University of Technology (PL)
Schift H. - Paul Scherrer Institut (CH)
8.  Jarząbek D.M., Milczarek M., Wojciechowski T., Dziekoński C., Chmielewski M., The effect of metal coatings on the interfacial bonding strength of ceramics to copper in sintered Cu-SiC composites, CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL, ISSN: 0272-8842, DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.01.056, Vol.43, No.6, pp.5283-5291, 2017

Abstract:
Cu-SiC composites are very promising materials which have high thermal and electrical conductivity and may find many applications. Unfortunately, the main disadvantage of these materials is the dissolution of silicon in copper at elevated temperature, which significantly reduces their properties. In order to overcome this problem particles can be coated with a protective material before sintering. In this paper– the influence of three different metallic coatings on bonding strength were investigated. SiC particles were coated with tungsten, chromium or titanium. As reference a material with uncoated particles was prepared. The experiments were carried out with the use of microtensile tester. The highest increase in strength was observed in the case of chromium coating. On the other hand, the titanium coating, which was of very poor quality, decrease the bonding strength in comparison with uncoated particles. Furthermore, scanning electron and optical microscopes were used to determine the mechanism of debonding.

Keywords:
interfacial bonding strength, metal matrix composites, tensile strength, silicon carbide particles

Affiliations:
Jarząbek D.M. - IPPT PAN
Milczarek M. - other affiliation
Wojciechowski T. - Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
Dziekoński C. - IPPT PAN
Chmielewski M. - Institute of Electronic Materials Technology (PL)

Conference abstracts
1.  Kurniawan T., Koza P., Milczarek M., Korczyk P.M., Lipniacki T., Technical notes towards an efficient experiment using droplets as incubators for the immunology study, Warsaw Soft Matter Day, 2023-10-06/10-06, Warszawa (PL), pp.1, 2023
2.  Jenczyk P., Jarząbek D., Milczarek M., Levintant-Zayonts N., Gadalińska E., High-dose ion implantation: hardening behavior in AlCoCrFeNiTi0.2 high-entropy alloy, NuMat2022, The Nuclear Materials Conference, 2022-10-24/10-28, Ghent (BE), pp.1-1, 2022

Patents
Filing No./Date
Filing Publication
Autors
Title
Protection Area, Applicant Name
Patent Number
Date of Grant
pdf
431859
2019-11-20
BUP 11/2021
2021-05-31
Jarząbek D. M., Milczarek M., Dziekoński C.
Method of producing measuring probes for atomic force microscopes
PL, Instytut Podstawowych Problemów Techniki PAN
244906
WUP 13/2024
2024-03-25



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