1. |
Dąbrowski M., Brachaczek A., Bogusz K., Glinicki M.A., Experimental assessment of appropriate time for aggregate exposure at the surface of cement concrete pavement,
International Journal of Pavement Engineering, ISSN: 1029-8436, DOI: 10.1080/10298436.2024.2318607, Vol.25, No.1, pp.1-12, 2024Abstract: Exposed aggregate concrete (EAC) pavement is a commonly employed technology in Europe for the construction of highways. The technical challenges associated with pavement construction include achieving both a comfortable ride and the desired skid resistance, while ensuring the long-term concrete durability. Maintaining uniformity of concrete mix, precise dosing of retarding agents, optimal selection of brushing time, and ensuring adequate curing conditions are identified as critical factors for achieving the designed ride performance. This study is focused on determining the appropriate time for the brushing operation, conducted to expose aggregate grains at the surface of the pavement. Laboratory tests were performed on concrete mixes designed to replicate job mixes for the upper layer of a two-layer concrete pavement. Measurements of the mass of evaporated water from the cement paste, isothermal calorimetry tests, and modified Vicat tests were employed to predict the appropriate brushing time. The texture depth was determined using a laser profiler as a function of brushing time. Compressive strength, the rate of chloride ion migration, and scaling resistance were determined through tests conducted on specimens cut from exposed aggregate slabs. Results revealed the suitability of the developed test method for determining the appropriate time for brushing EAC pavements. Keywords: cement setting, exposed aggregate concrete, macrotexture, pavement durability, surface retarder, texturing technology Affiliations:
Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Brachaczek A. | - | IPPT PAN | Bogusz K. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN |
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2. |
Lisowski P., Glinicki M.A., Novel Processing Methods of Low-Clinker Multi-Component Cementitious Materials—A Review,
Applied Sciences, ISSN: 2076-3417, DOI: 10.3390/app14020899, Vol.14(2), No.899, pp.1-28, 2024Abstract: The wide use of multi-component cement of highly reduced Portland clinker factor is largely impeded by detrimental changes in the rheological properties of concrete mixes, a substantial reduction in the early rate of cement hardening, and sometimes the insufficient strength of mature concrete. Therefore, major changes are needed in traditional concrete-production technologies if low-clinker cement is to gain wider acceptance. This review’s goal is to summarize the impacts of using non-ionizing radiation methods to improve the dispersion of concrete mix constituents, cement setting, and early hardening. The potential impacts of such interactions on the permeability and strength of concrete are also highlighted and investigated. Their intriguing potential for delivering additional energy to cementitious mixtures is analyzed for batch water, solid non-clinker constituents of cement (mainly supplementary cementitious materials), and their mixtures with aggregates. The advantages of adopting these non-traditional methods are found to be highly alluring to the greener preparation techniques used in the construction materials sector. Keywords: concrete mixing technology,early-age properties,low-clinker multi-component cement,magnetized water,microwave treatment,non-clinker constituents,ultrasound treatment Affiliations:
Lisowski P. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN |
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3. |
Glinicki M. A., Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Brandt A., Diagnostics of premature damage to surface-hardened industrial concrete floors,
CEMENT, WAPNO, BETON, ISSN: 1425-8129, DOI: 10.32047/CWB.2023.28.6.4, Vol.28, No.6, pp.409-427, 2024Abstract: The article presents the diagnostic results on surface-hardened industrial concrete floors. Selected examples of floors showcased premature damage to surface layers, characterized by intense dusting, delamination, and local spalling, while the structural system remained unaffected. Quantitative petrographic analysis of concrete was applied to core specimens from the floors, involving the examination of digital images from a polarizing optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The hardening compound and powdered specimens of the cement matrix were characterized using differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction. A multiple microindentation method was employed to assess local variations in mechanical properties. Concrete cross-section analysis revealed areas with a non-uniform distribution of air voids, identified regions exhibiting increased porosity, highlighted areas of cracking in the concrete, indicated local variability in the phase composition of cement hydration products, and pointed out the presence of carbonated areas. The causes of the damage were discussed based on these findings,. The crucial role of quantitative petrographic analysis in diagnosing premature surface damage to industrial floors was demonstrated. Keywords: concrete, delamination, quantitative microscopy, porosity, industrial floors, dusting, surface hardening Affiliations:
Glinicki M. A. | - | IPPT PAN | Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Brandt A. | - | IPPT PAN |
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4. |
Glinicki M.A., Concrete durability evaluation in new built pavement sections of expressways in Poland,
CEMENT, WAPNO, BETON, ISSN: 1425-8129, DOI: 10.32047/CWB.2023.28.2.4, Vol.28, No.2, pp.105-119, 2023Abstract: A review of concrete durability at several sections of the new built expressways in Poland is presented. Two-layers jointed plain concrete pavements were constructed using a slip-form technology. For freeze-thaw and deicing salts durability of concrete the specified air void properties, including the spacing factor and the microvoids content, was evaluated on core specimens drilled from the constructed pavements. The observed system of fine air voids indicates optimal features for increased frost and scaling resistance without a significant negative impact on strength. The correlation was established between the microvoid content in the hardened concrete and the data of the Super Air Metre on fresh concrete mix was established. Concrete durability in high moisture environment, combined with fatigue traffic load and external supply of alkaline deicing salt solutions, was considered using newly developed principles of nonreactive aggregate selection. The aggregate selection based on petrographic analysis and the assessment of expansive behaviour of concrete was fully confirmed using the performance tests with external supply of sodium chloride. The suitability of the established methodology for durability acceptance testing for exploration of alternative materials for paving is discussed. Keywords: air voids, durability, jointed plain concrete pavement, materials selection, performance test Affiliations:
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5. |
Bogusz K., Glinicki M.A., Volumetric stability and elastic properties of concrete subjected to simulated service exposure conditions on road pavements,
CEMENT, WAPNO, BETON, ISSN: 1425-8129, DOI: 10.32047/CWB.2022.27.6.4, Vol.27, No.6, pp.410-424, 2023Abstract: Expressway and highway pavements are exposed to intensive impacts of exploitation, including heavy vehicle traffic and environmental factors such as temperature and moisture along with the aggression of de-icing agents. Proper selection of mineral aggregates and design of the concrete mixture composition are important for the durability of the concrete pavement. Experimental tests were conducted on concrete under simulated service exposure conditions with external exposure to a 3% sodium chloride solution. The subject of the research was the expansion and elastic properties of air-entrained concrete made with siliceous aggregates from rocks containing moderate amounts of reactive minerals. The category of reactivity of coarse aggregates was uncertain, and in the fine aggregate was moderately reactive quartz sand. Under simulated service exposure conditions on road pavements, the significant expansion of concrete specimens and a significant decrease in the resonance elastic modulus up to 12.5% were observed. The tendency of concrete to expand was related to the presence of reaction products of reactive silica in the aggregate grains with sodium and potassium hydroxides in the cement paste [ASR], confirmed by microscopic observations. Replacement of Portland cement with CEM II/A-V 42.5 N cement and CEM II/B-S 42.5 N cement significantly reduced concrete expansion and improved the stability of elastic properties. In two of the nine concrete mixtures, the selected content of siliceous fly ash and granulated blast furnace slag, 18% and 30%, respectively, turned out to be sufficient to counteract the deleterious effects of the ASR under conditions of external contact with sodium chloride solution. A practical method for predicting the durability of concrete in the conditions in which the reactivity category of the aggregate from local natural resources is uncertain was established. Keywords: air-entrained concrete, cements with mineral additives, aggregate corrosion, alkali-silica reaction, simulated service exposure conditions, durability of paving concrete, external influence of sodium chloride Affiliations:
Bogusz K. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN |
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6. |
Chen H.♦, Hou P.♦, Zhou X.♦, Black L.♦, Adu-Amankwah S.♦, Feng P.♦, Cui N.♦, Glinicki M.A., Cai Y.♦, Zhang S.♦, Zhao P.♦, Li Q.♦, Cheng X.♦, Toward performance improvement of supersulfated cement by nano silica: Asynchronous regulation on the hydration kinetics of silicate and aluminate,
CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH, ISSN: 0008-8846, DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2023.107117, Vol.167, No.107117, pp.1-11, 2023Abstract: Supersulfated cement (SSC) is a traditional low-carbon cement, but its slow hydration and strength development has limited its practical applications. Nano silica (NS) was used to activate the hydration of SSC by taking advantage of its ability to regulate silicate and aluminate reactions. The mechanical performance of various mixes was determined, as a function of sulfation degree and NS addition, as pore structure, phase assemblage, hydration degree, and microstructure. Results showed that NS improves the hydration degree of slag, densifies the microstructure, and significantly increases both early- and late-age compressive strength. The enhancement was attributed to its effects on the hydration of slag in SSC: delaying ettringite formation, but promoting C-(A)-S-H precipitation, reducing microporosity. This study reveals the critical role of the regulation of hydration kinetics of silicate and aluminate in controlling the performance of SSC as NS does. Keywords: Supersulfated cement, Nano silica, Gypsum content, Mechanical property, Microstructure Affiliations:
Chen H. | - | other affiliation | Hou P. | - | other affiliation | Zhou X. | - | other affiliation | Black L. | - | other affiliation | Adu-Amankwah S. | - | other affiliation | Feng P. | - | other affiliation | Cui N. | - | other affiliation | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Cai Y. | - | other affiliation | Zhang S. | - | other affiliation | Zhao P. | - | other affiliation | Li Q. | - | other affiliation | Cheng X. | - | other affiliation |
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7. |
Dziedzic K., Glinicki M.A., Risk assessment of reactive local sand use in aggregate mixtures for structural concrete,
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS, ISSN: 0950-0618, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.133826, Vol.408, No.133826, pp.1-13, 2023Abstract: Potential use of marginal fine aggregate in concrete is hindered by prescriptive quality requirements for concrete constituents. Experimental tests were performed on eleven mixtures of coarse and fine aggregates of variable susceptibility to alkali silica reaction (ASR). The miniature concrete prism test was applied for evaluation of ASR-induced expansion and associated changes of elastic properties were evaluated using the resonance modulus testing. Substitution of nonreactive sand with sands of moderate reactivity resulted in a relative increase in concrete expansion by 19–112% and substantial reduction of its elastic properties during the exposure to accelerated ASR environment. The Kolmogorov-Avrami-Mehl-Johnson model, modified to incorporate separately the effects of moderate reactivity of coarse and fine aggregate fractions, successfully described the kinetics of ASR-induced expansion. Beneficial effects of blastfurnace slag used for partial replacement of Portland clinker in blended cements were captured for aggregate combinations. Keywords: Aggregate mixture reactivity, Alkali-silica reaction, Fine aggregate, Kinetic model, Miniature concrete prism test, Slag-blended cement Affiliations:
Dziedzic K. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN |
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8. |
Glinicki M.A., Bogusz K., Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Dąbrowski M., ASR performance of concrete at external alkali supply – effects of aggregate mixtures and blended cement,
International Journal of Pavement Engineering, ISSN: 1029-8436, DOI: 10.1080/10298436.2023.2171038, Vol.24, No.1, pp.1-13, 2023Abstract: The long term durability of concrete pavements in wet-freeze climate is influenced by deicing salts used for winter maintenance of roads. Alkaline deicers could also be an external source of alkalis therefore their role in respect to development of deleterious alkali-silica reaction (ASR) should be considered. The performance of mineral aggregate mixtures in concrete was studied using RILEM test procedure ‘60°C concrete test with external alkali supply’. Air entrained concrete specimens were exposed to cyclic temperature changes, wetting-drying and NaCl solution immersion. Tests revealed the development of concrete expansion in time and associated changes of its elastic modulus for 31 mixtures of fine and coarse aggregate and Portland and fly ash or slag blended cements. The expansive behavior of air entrained concrete was strongly influenced by the presence of micro- and cryptocrystalline silica in aggregates. A replacement of nonreactive limestone sand by moderately reactive quartz sand resulted in a substantial enhancement of concrete expansion by a factor of three. Observed reduction of elastic modulus was correlated with more abundant presence of alkali-silica reaction products in concrete. Effects of cement type (CEM I, CEM II/A-V and CEM II/B-S) on the ASR performance of concrete with crushed coarse aggregate and quartz sand are discussed. Keywords: Air entrained concrete,alkali-silica reaction,external alkalis,NaCl solution,performance test Affiliations:
Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Bogusz K. | - | IPPT PAN | Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN |
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9. |
Harsányi I.♦, Horváth A.♦, Kis Z.♦, Gméling K.♦, Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Glinicki M.A., Szentmiklósi L.♦, Assessment of neutron-induced activation of irradiated samples in a research reactor,
Nuclear Engineering and Technology, ISSN: 1738-5733, DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2022.11.004, Vol.55, pp.1036-1044, 2023Abstract: The combination of MCNP6 and the FISPACT codes was used to predict inventories of radioisotopes produced by neutron exposure of a sample in a research reactor. The detailed MCNP6 model of the Budapest Research Reactor and the specific irradiation geometry of the NAA channel was established, while realistic material cards were specified based on concentrations measured by PGAA and NAA, considering the precursor elements of all significant radioisotopes. The energy- and spatial distributions of the neutron field calculated by MCNP6 were transferred to FISPACT, and the resulting activities were validated against those measured using neutron-irradiated small and bulky targets. This approach is general enough to handle different target materials, shapes, and irradiation conditions. A general agreement within 10% has been achieved. Moreover, the method can also be made applicable to predict the activation properties of the near-vessel concrete of existing nuclear installations or assist in the optimal construction of new nuclear power plant units. Keywords: MCNP6,Monte Carlo simulations,FISPACT,Isotope inventory,Radioisotope production,Neutron activation analysis,Mineral aggregate,Radiation shielding concrete Affiliations:
Harsányi I. | - | other affiliation | Horváth A. | - | other affiliation | Kis Z. | - | other affiliation | Gméling K. | - | Centre for Energy Research (HU) | Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Szentmiklósi L. | - | other affiliation |
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10. |
Lisowski P., Glinicki M.A., Promising biomass waste–derived insulation materials for application in construction and buildings,
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, ISSN: 2190-6815, DOI: 10.1007/s13399-023-05192-8, pp.1-18, 2023Abstract: Current insulation materials applied in construction engineering and the building industry are generally petrochemical-based polymers and recycled thermal insulation materials. The environmental effects of these materials’ production processes aresubstantial, despite their high thermal insulation performance. Consequently, the researchers conclude that it is essential to develop and produce insulating materials with superior thermal properties, minimal environmental impact, and a reasonable cost. The study concentrated on the application of insulation materials derived from biomass in the development of thermal insulation. The purpose of this review is to investigate and develop the possibilities of using biomass wastes as renewable and eco-friendly thermal insulation materials for construction engineering and the building industry. The thermal conductivity of those materials was measured using the hot plate and hot box methods, two of the most widely used hot processing methods. With a relatively low thermal conductivity (< 0.100 W·m−1·K−1), this review provides critical scientific insight into potential building insulation materials derived from biodegradable and abundant resources. It was observed that these materials are appealing for use in building and construction because they have a number of potential advantages from technical, economic, environmental, and green credentials perspectives. The collection of information enables some conclusions regarding the different biomass waste–derived insulation materials that have already been investigated and identifies gaps in the literature. Finally, the scope of commercialization pathways and future research directions to validate the proposed material alternatives’ claim for commercial-scale applications has been identified in this review Keywords: Thermal conductivity,Building insulation materials,Biomass valorization,Hot plate method,Hot box method Affiliations:
Lisowski P. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN |
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11. |
Dąbrowski M., Kuziak J.♦, Dziedzic K., Glinicki M.A., Influence of Environmental Conditions on Steel Corrosion in Concrete Exposed to Gamma Radiation,
Materials Proceedings, ISSN: 2673-4605, DOI: 10.3390/materproc2023013044, Vol.13, No.44, pp.1-7, 2023Abstract: This article examines the problem of the service life of reinforced concrete structures intended for nuclear power plants and radiation waste storage bunkers when exposed to radiation. This research focused on assessing the corrosion resistance of steel bars under conditions of simultaneous exposure to gamma radiation and various environmental conditions affecting the rate of carbonation. Electrochemical measurements of steel bars were carried out on samples in three environmental conditions: in a laboratory–dry; enclosed in a can at RH = 50%; and enclosed in a can at RH = 100%. The durability of the passivation layer of steel on non-irradiated and irradiated specimens after 8 months of exposure to gamma radiation was compared. A lower degradation effect of gamma radiation was visible in fully water-saturated specimens Keywords: corrosion of steel, relative humidity variability, carbonation condition, EIS, polarization curve Affiliations:
Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Kuziak J. | - | Warsaw University of Technology (PL) | Dziedzic K. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN |
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12. |
Glinicki M.A., Dąbrowski M., Antolik A., Dziedzic K., Sikorin S.♦, Fateev V.♦, Povolansky E.♦, Gamma irradiation sensitivity of early hardening cement mortar,
CEMENT AND CONCRETE COMPOSITES, ISSN: 0958-9465, DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2021.104327, Vol.126, pp.104327-1-14, 2022Abstract: For possible application of gamma radiation in processing of fresh concrete, like surface processing at precast plants or 3D printing, it is essential to evaluate effects of irradiation on the early hardening of cementitious binders. The influence of gamma irradiation with the dose rate of 4.6 kGy/h on the early strength, pore size distribution and qualitative phase composition of mortar was investigated. The range of investigation comprises the effects selected micro- and nano-additions to Portland cement mortar used to control the kinetic of setting and early hardening of cement. Results show that gamma irradiation of hardening mortar results in the early strength increase of about 56–100%, in reduction of capillary porosity and pore size refinement. The gamma-irradiation sensitivity of early strength of cement mortar is equivalent to increased temperature wet curing. A correlation of heat evolution characteristics of hardening mortar and the temperature-equivalent of gamma irradiation is discussed. Keywords: boron minerals, early hardening, gamma irradiation, pore size distribution, strength, temperature equivalent Affiliations:
Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Antolik A. | - | IPPT PAN | Dziedzic K. | - | IPPT PAN | Sikorin S. | - | National
Academy of Sciences of Belarus (BY) | Fateev V. | - | National
Academy of Sciences of Belarus (BY) | Povolansky E. | - | other affiliation |
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13. |
Dąbrowski M., Glinicki M.A., Kuziak J.♦, Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Dziedzic K., Effects of 2 MGy gamma irradiation on the steel corrosion in cement-based composites,
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS, ISSN: 0950-0618, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127967, Vol.342, pp.127967-1-16, 2022Abstract: A viable prediction of service life of reinforced concrete structures exposed to irradiation environment is necessary to support a license extension for currently operating nuclear power plants as well as to support concrete mix optimization for new builds. An experimental study was carried out to evaluate the corrosion performance of mild steel reinforcing bars under gamma irradiation at environmental conditions favoring accelerated carbonation. in elevated temperature. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic electrochemical tests were performed to assess the corrosion rates on the rebar surfaces. Effects of irradiation were also examined in regard to capillary pore size distribution by mercury intrusion porosimetry and mesopore distribution based on nitrogen desorption data. Companion tests were performed to determine the compressive and flexural strength of mortar exposed to gamma irradiation. Relative effects of gamma irradiation are reported for mortar specimens containing fly ash or limestone powder used for partial replacement of Portland cement up to 40% by mass. Gamma irradiation dose up to 2 MGy was found to affect the properties of passive layer of steel in comparison to non-irradiated specimens. A decrease of corrosive potential and passivation potential was found. An increase of corrosion current density by an order of magnitude due to gamma irradiation was observed. Parameters of polarization curves of steel indicated unstable passive layer on steel reinforcement in irradiated mortars. Keywords: gamma irradiation, steel corrosion, supplementary cementitious materials, modification, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, corrosion potential, Barrett-Joyner-Halenda porosity Affiliations:
Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Kuziak J. | - | Warsaw University of Technology (PL) | Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Dziedzic K. | - | IPPT PAN |
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14. |
Dąbrowski M., Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Bogusz K., Glinicki M.A., Influence of serpentinite aggregate on the microstructure and durability of radiation shielding concrete,
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS, ISSN: 0950-0618, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127536, Vol.337, pp.127536-1-13, 2022Abstract: Concrete mix design for radiation shielding is mainly based on selection of aggregate materials of specified elemental composition. Serpentinite aggregate could be a desirable component of concrete for mixed-radiation attenuation and for high temperatures, however its durability performance needs further attention. The objective of the study is to reveal the influence of serpentinite aggregate on the microstructure and transport properties of baryte-serpentinite concrete. Mix design was developed for low-heat Portland cement and slag cement by using a combination of serpentinite aggregate and baryte aggregate. The compressive strength, chloride migration coefficient, carbonation resistance were experimentally investigated. The durability tests were compared with open porosity, mercury intrusion porosimetry measurement and examination of thin section of concrete by optical microscope. The results revealed increased porosity of contact zone of serpentinite aggregate with cement matrix. Open and capillary porosity of concrete was found to increase with increase of serpentinite aggregate content. Consequently, an increase of the chloride migration coefficient up to 2.5 times, the rate of carbonation up to 4 times were observed. Keywords: baryte, serpentinite, carbonation, chloride ion permeability, durability, microstructure, mix design, interfacial transition zone, porosity, radiation shielding concrete Affiliations:
Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Bogusz K. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN |
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15. |
Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Dąbrowski M., Dziedzic K., Jarząbek D., Antolik A., Denis P., Glinicki M.A., Effect of gamma irradiation on the mechanical properties of carbonation reaction products in mortar,
MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES, ISSN: 1359-5997, DOI: 10.1617/s11527-022-02003-w, Vol.55, pp.164-1-17, 2022Abstract: Prediction of carbonation progress in concrete exposed to ionizing radiation is important for the durability assessment of nuclear power plants, eventually needed for operational license extension. The objective of this work is to reveal the influence of gamma irradiation on the carbonation development and resulting microstructural features of cement mortar. The composition of mortar was varied by using mineral additions. Canned specimens at elevated CO2 concentration environment were exposed to gamma irradiation up to the absorbed dose of 1.6 MGy in the vicinity of spent nuclear fuel rods in pool of research reactor. Micromechanical properties of carbonation reaction products were determined using nanoindentation tests. The carbonation depth was found to increase with increasing absorbed γ dose. The size of calcite crystals was about three times greater in irradiated specimens. Gamma irradiation improved the micromechanical properties of carbonation products. Effects of mineral additives on the characteristics of irradiated mortar are discussed. Keywords: calcite, carbonation, cement mortar, gamma irradiation, microstructure, mineral additions, nanoindentation Affiliations:
Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Dziedzic K. | - | IPPT PAN | Jarząbek D. | - | IPPT PAN | Antolik A. | - | IPPT PAN | Denis P. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN |
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16. |
Glinicki M.A., Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Antolik A., Dziedzic K., Dąbrowski M., Bogusz K., Diagnosis of ASR damage in highway pavement after 15 years of service in wet-freeze climate region,
Case Studies in Construction Materials, ISSN: 2214-5095, DOI: 10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01226, Vol.17, pp.e01226-1-15, 2022Abstract: Diagnostic tests were carried out on specimens drilled from a section of jointed, unreinforced highway pavement after 15 years of service. The section of highway was exposed to heavy road traffic, environmental actions of wet-freeze climate zone and associated winter maintenance including application of deicing salt. Premature pavement damage was manifested by visible cracking, mostly along transverse joints and in slab corners. Tests performed on core specimens included petrographic analysis of concrete and its components, using optical and scanning electron microscopy, also evaluation of elastic and transport properties, expansion potential, cracks and air void system. Numerous cracks in the grains of coarse quartzite aggregate were found. Reactive forms of quartz in quartzite aggregate - microcrystalline and cryptocrystalline quartz - were abundant. The gel-like products in cracks in quartzite grains and in surrounding cement paste were identified as alkali-silica reaction products. Expansion of specimens exposed to an alkali-silica reaction-promoting environment indicated the potential for further development of such reaction. Substantial cracking and reduction of modulus of elasticity was correlated with the presence of reactive quartz in quartzite aggregate. The role of additional destructive factors, such as the impact of heavy vehicles traffic and freeze-thaw aggression was indicated by greater cracks in the slow traffic lane compared than in the emergency lane, associated with local marginal air entrainment of concrete. Keywords: alkali-silica reaction, concrete, cracking, durability, highway pavement Affiliations:
Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Antolik A. | - | IPPT PAN | Dziedzic K. | - | IPPT PAN | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Bogusz K. | - | IPPT PAN |
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17. |
Glinicki M.A., Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Antolik A., Dziedzic K., Dąbrowski M., Bogusz K., Lisowski P., ANALYSIS OF CAUSES OF DAMAGE TO SINGLE-LAYER CONCRETE HIGHWAY PAVEMENT,
Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty, ISSN: 1643-1618, DOI: 10.7409/rabdim.022.011, Vol.21, No.3, pp.183-201, 2022Abstract: Premature damage to the concrete pavement of a trunk road section after 15 years of its service life was noticed. The damage manifested itself in cracking along transverse joints and in the corners of slabs. Diagnostic investigations, covering a petrographic analysis of concrete and mineral aggregates by means of optical and scanning microscopy, an evaluation of the elastic properties, the degree of cracking and air-void parameters and an identification of the alkali-silica reaction products, were carried out on core samples. Multiple cracks in coarse quartzite aggregate particles and in cement matrix were found. A significant presence of microcrystalline and cryptocrystalline quartz in quartzite particles was detected. Typical alkali-silica reaction products were unambiguously identified. The considerable cracking and the substantial decrease in the modulus of elasticity were correlated with the presence of reactive quartz in the quartzite aggregate and the alkali-silica reaction was found to be the main cause of the damage. Additional damaging factors, such as heavy traffic loads and frost aggression, are discussed. Keywords: concrete, road pavement, pavement evaluation, aggregate, quartzite, alkali-silica reaction, cracks, service life Affiliations:
Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Antolik A. | - | IPPT PAN | Dziedzic K. | - | IPPT PAN | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Bogusz K. | - | IPPT PAN | Lisowski P. | - | IPPT PAN |
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18. |
Dąbrowski M., Glinicki M.A., Ignerowicz A.♦, Oleksik M.♦, Kucharski P.♦, Wpływ dodatków mineralnych w cemencie na stabilność napowietrzenia w betonie nawierzchniowym,
Magazyn Autostrady, ISSN: 1730-0703, Vol.1, pp.29-32, 2022Abstract: Artykuł przedstawia badania wpływu stosowania cementów z dodatkami mineralnymi CEM II/A-V 42,5 R, CEM II/B-S 42,5 N i CEM III/A 42,5 N na dystrybucję porów w mieszance betonowej przeznaczonej na górną warstwę nawierzchni betonowej zaprojektowanej na agresję środowiska XF4. Przeanalizowano zmiany charakterystyki porów w betonie od wykonania do wbudowania. Próbki pobrano bezpośrednio po wykonaniu mieszanki, po godzinie bezruchu i po wysokoenergetycznym mieszaniu po godzinie bezruchu. Określono charakterystykę porów, właściwości mieszanki betonowej oraz właściwości mechaniczne stwardniałego betonu. Przeanalizowano tendencje zmian całkowitej zawartości powietrza oraz zawartości mikroporów w betonie, wynikające z zastosowania cementu z dodatkami mineralnymi. Uzyskane wyniki świadczą o kompatybilności układu domieszek napowietrzającej i uplastyczniającej z użytymi rodzajami cementu. Affiliations:
Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Ignerowicz A. | - | Atlas Sp. z o.o. (PL) | Oleksik M. | - | Atlas Sp. z o.o. (PL) | Kucharski P. | - | Atlas Sp. z o.o. (PL) |
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19. |
Kim H.T.♦, Razakamandimby D.F.T.♦, Szilagyi V.♦, Kis Z.♦, Szentmiklosi L.♦, Glinicki M.A., Park K.♦, Reconstruction of concrete microstructure using complementarity of X-ray and neutron tomography,
CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH, ISSN: 0008-8846, DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2021.106540, Vol.148, pp.106540-1-12, 2021Abstract: The concrete microstructure was successfully reconstructed using the complementarity of X-ray and neutron computed tomography (CT). Neither tomogram alone was found to be suitable to properly describe the microstructure of concrete under this study. However, by merging the information revealed by the two modalities, and using image segmentation, noise reduction, and image registration techniques we reconstruct the concrete microstructure. Void, aggregate, and cement paste phases are successfully captured down to the images' spatial resolution, even though the aggregate consists of multiple minerals. The coarse-aggregate volume fraction of the reconstructed microstructure was similar to that of the mixing proportions. Furthermore, image-based finite element analysis is performed to demonstrate the effects of microstructure on stress concentration and strain localization. Keywords: concrete microstructure, X-ray tomography, neutron tomography, image segmentation, complementarity field, image-based analysis Affiliations:
Kim H.T. | - | other affiliation | Razakamandimby D.F.T. | - | other affiliation | Szilagyi V. | - | other affiliation | Kis Z. | - | other affiliation | Szentmiklosi L. | - | other affiliation | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Park K. | - | other affiliation |
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20. |
Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Gmeling K.♦, Antolik A., Dziedzic K., Glinicki M.A., Assessment of long lived isotopes in alkali-silica resistant concrete designed for nuclear installations,
Materials, ISSN: 1996-1944, DOI: 10.3390/ma14164595, Vol.14, No.16, pp.4595-1-15, 2021Abstract: The design of concrete for radiation shielding structures is principally based on the selection of materials of adequate elemental composition and mix proportioning to achieve the long-term durability in nuclear environment. Concrete elements may become radioactive through exposure to neutron radiation from the nuclear reactor. A selection of constituent materials of greatly reduced content of long-lived residual radioisotopes would reduce the volume of low-level waste during plant decommissioning. The objective of this investigation is an assessment of trace elements with a large activation cross section in concrete constituents and simultaneous evaluation of susceptibility of concrete to detrimental alkali-silica reaction. Two isotopes 60Co and 152Eu were chosen as the dominant long-lived residual radioisotopes and evaluated using neutron activation analysis. The influence of selected mineral aggregates on the expansion due to alkali-silica reaction was tested. The content of 60Co and 152Eu activated by neutron radiation in fine and coarse aggregates, as well as in four types of Portland cement, is presented and discussed in respect to the chemical composition and rock origin. Conflicting results were obtained for quartzite coarse aggregate and siliceous river sand that, despite a low content, 60Co and 152Eu exhibited a high susceptibility to alkali-silica reaction in Portland cement concrete. The obtained results facilitate a multicriteria selection of constituents for radiation-shielding concrete. Keywords: alkali-silica reaction, concrete durability, low-level radioactive waste, neutron activation analysis, radiation shielding concrete, trace elements Affiliations:
Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Gmeling K. | - | Centre for Energy Research (HU) | Antolik A. | - | IPPT PAN | Dziedzic K. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN |
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21. |
Glinicki M.A., Gołaszewski J.♦, Cygan G.♦, Formwork pressure of a heavyweight self-compacting concrete mix,
Materials, ISSN: 1996-1944, DOI: 10.3390/ma14061549, Vol.14, No.6, pp.1549-1-19, 2021Abstract: High-fluidity and self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixes were developed using special aggregates for radiation-shielding concrete. The special aggregates comprised heavyweight and hydrous aggregates (crushed magnetite, crushed serpentine, and their mixtures), which were selected to provide an enhanced attenuation of gamma and neutron radiation, respectively. For the mixed concrete design with a bulk density of up to 3570 kg/m^3, two cement types were used: Portland cement CEM I and slag cement CEM III/A. The basic properties of the fresh self-compacting concrete were evaluated and the lateral formwork pressure exerted by the freshly mixed self-compacting concrete was measured and analyzed. An original test setup was developed for the determination of the lateral pressure on the square column formwork with pressure measurements carried out using six strain gauge pressure transducers, which was adequate for heavyweight concrete mixture testing. Self-compacting concrete mixtures containing a magnetite aggregate or blends of serpentine and magnetite aggregates with a slump flow of at least 550 mm were developed. The lateral pressure on the formwork was directly proportional to the density of the self-compacting heavyweight concrete mixes. The maximum values of the lateral pressure recorded in the test at a casting speed of 1.5 m/h did not exceed 27 kPa and 55% of hydrostatic pressure. Concrete mixtures with basalt, magnetite, and magnetite/serpentine blended aggregates were found to develop sufficient shear strength for proper stability during casting. Keywords: Portland cement, consistency, formwork pressure, fresh mix, magnetite aggregate, mix design, radiation-shielding concrete, self-compacting concrete, serpentine aggregate, slag cement Affiliations:
Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Gołaszewski J. | - | Silesian University of Technology (PL) | Cygan G. | - | Silesian University of Technology (PL) |
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22. |
Długosz A.♦, Pokorska I., Jaskulski R., Glinicki M.A., Evolutionary identification method for determining thermophysical parameters of hardening concrete,
ARCHIVES OF CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, ISSN: 1644-9665, DOI: 10.1007/s43452-020-00154-7, Vol.21, pp.35-1-14, 2021Abstract: The kinetics of heat transfer in hardening concrete is a key issue in engineering practice for erecting massive concrete structures. Prediction of the temperature fields in early age concrete should allow for proper control of the construction process to minimize temperature gradients and the peak temperatures, which is of particular importance for concrete durability. The paper presents a method of identification of the thermophysical parameters of early age concrete such as the thermal conductivity, the specific heat, and the heat generated by cement hydration in time. Proper numerical models of transient heat conduction problems were formulated by means of finite-element method, including two types of heat losses. The developed experimental–numerical approach included the transient temperature measurements in an isolated tube device and an in-house implementation of an evolutionary algorithm to solve the parameter identification task. Parametric Bezier curves were proposed to model heat source function, which allowed for identifying such function as a smooth curve utilizing a small number of parameters. Numerical identification tasks were solved for experimental data acquired on hardening concrete mixes differing in the type of cement and type of mineral aggregate, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method (the mean-squared error less than 1 °C). The proposed approach allows for the identification of thermophysical parameters of early age concrete even for mixtures containing non-standard components while omitting drawbacks typical for classical optimization methods. Keywords: early age concrete, evolutionary algorithm, inverse solution, heat transfer problem, mass concrete, thermal properties Affiliations:
Długosz A. | - | Silesian University of Technology (PL) | Pokorska I. | - | IPPT PAN | Jaskulski R. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN |
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23. |
Glinicki M.A.♦, Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Reaktywność kruszywa w betonie,
Materiały Budowlane, ISSN: 0137-2971, Vol.3, No.583, pp.51-54, 2021 | |
24. |
Kubissa W.♦, Dąbrowski M., Chojnacki B.♦, Glinicki M.A.♦, Durability of paving concrete produced in a laboratory setting and obtained in field at expressway construction site,
Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty, ISSN: 1643-1618, DOI: 10.7409/rabdim.021.023, Vol.20, pp.397-412, 2021Abstract: The article describes an experimental study of the properties of concrete designed for the construction of the bottom layer of two-layered road pavement with the exposed aggregate surface. Two types of materials were studied: industrially-produced concrete placed on a highway trial section using slip form technology and concrete produced in a laboratory setting, containing CEM II/A-V and CEM II/A-S Portland cement. The tested mixes contained granite or limestone coarse aggregate. The following basic performance properties were studied: compressive strength and split tensile strength, air void characteristics, freeze-thaw resistance, water absorption rate and chloride penetration. The mechanical properties and freeze-thaw resistance results obtained on the laboratory specimens were similar to those obtained on the cores drilled from the pavement. Despite the observed changes in the air void system parameters, mineral admixtures to Portland cements did not reduce the freeze-thaw resistance of concrete. The compressive strength was higher by up to 19% and sorptivity decreased by up to 22% in concrete containing cement with mineral admixtures. Keywords: air-entrained concrete, air void characteristics, CEM I, CEM II/A-S, CEM II/A-V, durability, freeze-thaw resistance, road pavement, sorptivity Affiliations:
Kubissa W. | - | Warsaw University of Technology (PL) | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Chojnacki B. | - | Warsaw University of Technology (PL) | Glinicki M.A. | - | other affiliation |
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25. |
Dąbrowski M., Glinicki M.A., Dziedzic K., Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Sikorin S.♦, Fateev V.S.♦, Povalansky E.I.♦, Early age hardening of concrete with heavy aggregate in gamma radiation source – impact on the modulus of elasticity and microstructural features,
Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, ISSN: 1346-8014, DOI: 10.3151/jact.19.555, Vol.19, No.5, pp.555-570, 2021Abstract: The effects of gamma irradiation on concrete properties during early hardening were studied towards radioactive waste storage or accelerated processing at precast plants. Concrete mixtures containing different mineral aggregates (baryte, magnetite, amphibolite) were investigated. During initial 16 hours of hardening the mixes were irradiated using 60Co gamma source at the rate of 3.5 kGy/h. The mechanical properties and microstructural features of irradiated early-age concrete were tested: the secant elastic modulus, the compressive strength, the porosity and pore size distribution. XRD and SEM analysis were also performed. The results indicate both the stiffening and pore refinement in concrete due to early gamma irradiation. Effects of early irradiation on microstructural features of cement matrix were found in the subsurface layer up to the depth of 2 mm. The influence of different mineral aggregates in concrete on the radiation-induced changes of early age properties is discussed. Affiliations:
Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Dziedzic K. | - | IPPT PAN | Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Sikorin S. | - | National
Academy of Sciences of Belarus (BY) | Fateev V.S. | - | National
Academy of Sciences of Belarus (BY) | Povalansky E.I. | - | National
Academy of Sciences of Belarus (BY) |
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26. |
Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Dąbrowski M., Bogusz K., Glinicki M.A., Influence of slag cement on the permeability of concrete for biological shielding structures,
Energies, ISSN: 1996-1073, DOI: 10.3390/en13174582, Vol.13, No.17, pp.4582-1-16, 2020Abstract: Durability of concrete designed for radiation shielding structures is an important issue in nuclear power plant safety. An investigation of the permeability of concrete containing heavyweight aggregates and water-bearing aggregates was performed with respect to gaseous and liquid media. Mix design was developed using Portland and slag cement, crushed magnetite and serpentine aggregate. The use of slag cement in concrete containing magnetite and serpentine aggregates resulted in the substantial improvement of the compressive strength in comparison with Portland cement concrete. The application of slag cement was found to reduce the chloride ingress, regardless of the special aggregate use. The coefficient of chloride migration was within the range 5 ÷ 8 × 10^−12 m^2/s and 17 ÷ 25 × 10^−12 m^2/s for slag cement concrete and Portland cement concrete, respectively. At the same time, the carbonation depth was increased twice for slag cement concrete in comparison to Portland cement concrete. However, the maximum carbonation depth after one year of exposure to 1% CO2 was only 14 mm for slag cement concrete, and 7 mm for reference concrete. The total pore volume evaluated using mercury intrusion porosimetry was influenced by the type of special aggregate used. It was shown that concrete with various contents of magnetite aggregate and slag cement achieved the smallest total pore volume. While serpentine coarse aggregate caused an increase in total pore volume in comparison to concrete with magnetite aggregate. Keywords: chloride permeability, carbonation, slag cement, radiation shielding concrete, microstructure, MIP, mix design, Portland cement, magnetite Affiliations:
Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Bogusz K. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN |
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27. |
Glinicki M.A., Materiałowe aspekty równości nawierzchni betonowej,
DROGOWNICTWO, ISSN: 0012-6357, Vol.LXXV, No.4, pp.99-108, 2020Abstract: Zgodnie z definicją podaną w MEPDG 2020, równość nawierzchni odzwierciedla profil nawierzchni w śladach kół. W artykule przestawiono przegląd materiałowych i technologicznych czynników wpływających na równość nawierzchni drogowej z betonu cementowego, dyblowanej i kotwionej, przeznaczonej do kategorii ruchu KR5-KR7. Omówiono specyfikę metody ślizgowej, która jest procesem ekstruzji betonu, pozwalającym na monolityczne ułożenie warstwy przy jednym przejeździe układarki. Omówiono właściwości reologiczne mieszanki betonowej oraz jej praktyczne cechy techniczne, mające decydujące znaczenie przy formowaniu powierzchni jezdni.Utrzymanie stałego profilu nawierzchni w projektowanym 30-letnim okresie eksploatacji jest możliwe dzięki wysokiej odporności betonu na silne oddziaływania mechaniczne, termiczne i agresję środowiska.
According to the definition given in MEPDG 2020, the evenness of pavement reflects the surface profile in the wheel tracks. A review of material and technological factors influencing the evenness of the road pavement made of cement concrete, doweled and anchored, designed for traffic category KR5-KR7 is presented. The specificity of the slip-form method, which is a process of concrete extrusion, allowing for monolithic paving at one pass of the paver is discussed. Rheological properties of the concrete mixture and its practical technical features, which are decisive for the formation of roadway surface, are discussed. Maintaining a constant surface profile over the designed 30-year service life is possible due to the high resistance of concrete to strong mechanical, thermal and environmental influences. Keywords: beton cementowy, IRI, MEPDG, metoda ślizgowa, nawierzchnia drogowa, projektowanie składu, równość, trwałość, właściwosci reologiczne
cement concrete, IRI, MEPDG, sliding method, road pavement, composition design, evenness, durability, rheological properties Affiliations:
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28. |
Jaskulski R., Glinicki M.A., Kubissa W.♦, Dąbrowski M., Application of a non-stationary method in determination of the thermal properties of radiation shielding concrete with heavy and hydrous aggregate,
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER, ISSN: 0017-9310, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.07.050, Vol.130, pp.882-892, 2019Abstract: Results of measurements of the specific heat and the thermal conductivity of concrete with blended special aggregate for neutron and gamma radiation shielding are presented. Experimental tests were performed on concrete with heavyweight aggregate (magnetite, barite), hydrogen-bearing aggregate (serpentine) and amphibolite aggregate. The thermal properties of concrete were determined using a nonstationary method. The highest specific heat was found for concrete with serpentine aggregate. Simple models for predicting the specific heat and the thermal conductivity on the basis of concrete mix design were evaluated to include the blends of heavyweight and hydrogen-bearing aggregates. The thermal conductivity of concrete was found to be linearly dependent on the concrete density in the range from 2200 to 3500 kg/m3. Its increase due to water saturation of concrete was not dependent on the open porosity of concrete. It was found that the specific heat can be fairly well predicted using the rule of mixtures formula. The thermal conductivity of concrete can be approximately predicted using a parallel model in the case of water-saturated concrete. The thermal conductivity prediction for dry concrete is also discussed. Keywords: blended aggregate, concrete mix design, density, non-stationary method, open porosity, thermal properties, thermal conductivity, specific heat, radiation shielding Affiliations:
Jaskulski R. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Kubissa W. | - | Warsaw University of Technology (PL) | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN |
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29. |
Knor G., Jaskulski R.♦, Glinicki M.A., Holnicki-Szulc J., Numerical identification of the thermal properties of early age concrete using inverse heat transfer problem,
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER, ISSN: 0017-9310, DOI: 10.1007/s00231-018-2504-2, Vol.55, No.4, pp.1215-1227, 2019Abstract: The procedure of numerical identification of thermophysical properties of concrete during its hardening is presented. Heat of cement hydration, thermal conductivity and specific heat are determined for purpose of modelling temperature evolution in massive concrete elements. The developed method is based on point temperature measurements in a cylindrical mould and the numerical solution of the inverse heat transfer problem by means of direct search optimization algorithm. The determined thermal characteristics of concrete are not constant and depend on the maturity of concrete. The procedure was verified on set of concrete mixes designed with Portland cement CEM I 42.5R and Portland-slag cement CEM II/B-S 32.5 N. Calcareous fly ash was also used for partial replacement of cement in the mixtures. The obtained results have been compared with experimentally measured temperature in concrete and a fair agreement has been found. Affiliations:
Knor G. | - | IPPT PAN | Jaskulski R. | - | other affiliation | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Holnicki-Szulc J. | - | IPPT PAN |
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30. |
Dąbrowski M., Glinicki M.A., Dziedzic K., Antolik A., Validation of sequential pressure method for evaluation of the content of microvoids in air entrained concrete,
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS, ISSN: 0950-0618, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.08.014, Vol.227, pp.116633-1-12, 2019Abstract: The suitability of the sequential air pressure method (SAM) to evaluate the quality of air entrainment in concrete mix to support prediction of durability of hardened concrete was studied. The experiments included both laboratory-produced mixes and on-site trials on mixes delivered for highway pavement construction. The fresh air content and the air void distribution was tested using the SAM apparatus. The air content and the air void characteristics in hardened concrete was tested using the microscopic analysis on polished sections. Standard fresh mix properties were also tested and the compressive strength and salt-scaling resistance of concrete was determined. Effects of type and proportion of admixtures, type of crushed aggregate, timing of SAM measurements and the method of mix consolidation were analyzed. The relationship between the SAM number and the air void characteristics in hardened concrete was critically evaluated. The relationship between SAM number and the content of microvoids (A300) is found for the laboratory mixes and confirmed with few field test results. The criterion of SAM number ≤ 0.4 is proposed for the target microvoids content A300 ≥ 1.5% and the enhanced salt scaling resistance of concrete. Keywords: air entrainment, air void distribution, concrete durability, fresh concrete, frost-salt scaling, microvoids content, mix design, sequential pressure method, spacing factor, test methods Affiliations:
Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Dziedzic K. | - | IPPT PAN | Antolik A. | - | IPPT PAN |
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31. |
Glinicki M.A., Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Dąbrowski M., The influence of fluidized bed combustion fly ash on the phase composition and microstructure of cement paste,
Materials, ISSN: 1996-1944, DOI: 10.3390/ma12172838, Vol.12, No.17, pp.2838-1-14, 2019Abstract: Fly ashes from coal combustion in circulating fluidized bed boilers in three power plants were tested as a potential additive to cement binder in concrete. The phase composition and microstructure of cement pastes containing fluidized bed fly ash was studied. The fractions of cement substitution with fluidized bed fly ash were 20% and 30% by weight. X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests and thermal analyses (derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetry (TG)) were performed on ash specimens and on hardened cement paste specimens matured in water for up to 400 days. Quantitative evaluation of the phase composition as a function of fluidized bed fly ash content revealed significant changes in portlandite content and only moderate changes in the content of ettringite. Keywords: clean coal combustion, fluidized bed fly ash, microstructure, phase composition, portlandite, unburned carbon Affiliations:
Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN |
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32. |
Jaskulski R.♦, Glinicki M.A., Ranachowski Z., Kubissa W.♦, Organic phosphorus compounds as heat release regulators in hardening shielding concrete,
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS, ISSN: 0950-0618, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.081, Vol.209, pp.167-175, 2019Abstract: The paper presents the results of the study of the influence of the addition of retarding superplasticising admixture based on triisobutyl phosphate and modified phosphonates on the amount of heat generated by hardening shielding concrete. A four-point measurement of the heat generated during the hardening of concrete with an admixture dose of 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% by weight of the cement was made and the concurrent measurement of the heat released by the hardening cement paste was measured with an isothermal calorimeter. Based on the results from the calorimeter, the effect of the admixture on the temperature field in the hardening concrete mass elements was simulated for different aggregates. The results indicate that the admixture clearly lowers the temperature gradient in hardening mass concrete. In the simulations, the most clear effect was achieved in the case of concrete with barite aggregate, where the gradient value was reduced from 10°C/m to 8°C/m for an admixture content equal to 2.0%. Keywords: temperature gradient, heat release, shielding concrete, mass concrete, fresh concrete, phosphorus compounds Affiliations:
Jaskulski R. | - | other affiliation | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Ranachowski Z. | - | IPPT PAN | Kubissa W. | - | Warsaw University of Technology (PL) |
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33. |
Piotrowski T.♦, Glinicka J.♦, Glinicki M.A., Prochoń P.♦, Influence of gadolinium oxide and ulexite on cement hydration and technical properties of mortars for neutron radiation shielding purposes,
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS, ISSN: 0950-0618, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.11.076, Vol.195, pp.583-589, 2019Abstract: Gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) is a potentially effective mineral additive that improves neutron shielding properties of cement based composites. The paper presents the influence of Gd2O3 and ulexite (a boron compound) on Portland cement hydration evaluated by isothermal calorimetry measurements and strength. The progress of hydration was investigated on mortar specimens at water to cement ratio w/c = 0.5 and sand/cement ratio 0.75. The addition of Gd2O3 generates a slight retardation of cement hydration, however it accelerates aluminate activity at the same time. The hydration of cement was completely hindered for mortars containing a substantial content of ulexite. The strength test results show that addition of Gd2O3 to Portland cement mortar mix caused a decrease of early age (3 days) flexural and compressive strength. The optimum content of Gd2O3 in respect to the long term compressive strength and the hydration kinetics was 5% in relation to the mass of cement. Good long term strength was also obtained for specimens with 3% of ulexite. Keywords: gadolinium oxide, boron compounds, isothermal calorimetry, bending strength, compressive strength, mortar, neutron radiation, radiation shielding, radioactive waste Affiliations:
Piotrowski T. | - | Warsaw University of Technology (PL) | Glinicka J. | - | Warsaw University of Technology (PL) | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Prochoń P. | - | Warsaw University of Technology (PL) |
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34. |
Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Antolik A., Dziedzic K., Glinicki M.A., Gibas K., Resistance of selected aggregates from igneous rocks to alkali-silica reaction: verification / Weryfikacja odporności wybranych kruszyw ze skał magmowych na reakcję z alkaliami,
Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty, ISSN: 1643-1618, DOI: 10.7409/rabdim.019.005, Vol.18, No.1, pp.67-83, 2019Abstract: The paper presents investigations into the reactivity of aggregates from igneous rock, carried out in accordance with the procedures contained in the GDDKiA General Technical Specification "Concrete pavements". The aim of the investigations was evaluation of the suitability of the aggregates for road structures and pavements built using cement based concrete technology. Aggregates produced from extrusive rocks (basalt, melaphyre and porphyry) and from intrusive rocks (granite and gabbro) were analysed. The mineral composition of the aggregates was evaluated with regard to their reactive SiO2 content. Expansion tests on mortar bar and concrete prism specimens with analysed aggregates and a microscopic analysis of the alkali-aggregate reaction products were carried out. A considerable amount of reactive minerals: chalcedony, tridymite and microcrystalline quartz and volcanic glass were found in the grains of the porphyry and melaphyre aggregates. On the basis of the conducted investigations the two aggregates made of igneous rocks (melaphyre and porphyry) were classified into category R1 (moderately reactive). The basalt aggregate, the granite aggregate and the gabbro aggregate were assigned to category R0 (non-reactive). W artykule przedstawiono badania reaktywności kruszyw ze skał magmowych przeprowadzone zgodnie z procedurami ujętymi w instrukcjach GDDKiA OST "Nawierzchnie betonowe" w celu oceny ich przydatności do stosowania w technologii betonu cementowego na drogowe konstrukcje inżynierskie i nawierzchnie. Analizie poddano kruszywa ze skał wylewnych: bazalt, melafir i porfir oraz ze skał głębinowych: granit i gabro. Przeprowadzono ocenę składu mineralnego kruszyw z uwagi na zawartość reaktywnych minerałów krzemionkowych. Przeprowadzono badania wydłużenia próbek zapraw i betonów z kruszywami oraz analizę mikroskopową produktów reakcji alkalia-kruszywo. Stwierdzono występowanie znacznej ilości reaktywnych minerałów w ziarnach kruszywa z porfiru i melafiru: chalcedonu i trydymitu oraz kwarcu mikrokrystalicznego i szkliwa wulkanicznego. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań dwa kruszywa ze skał magmowych (melafir oraz porfir) zaklasyfikowano do kategorii R1 - umiarkowanie reaktywne. Kruszywo bazaltowe, granit oraz gabro przypisano kategorii R0 - niereaktywne. Keywords: aggregate, alkali reactivity, alkali silica gel, cristobalite, igneous rocks, microcrystalline quartz, reactive minerals / alkaliczny żel krzemionkowy, kruszywo, krystobalit, mikrokrystaliczny kwarc, minerały reaktywne, reaktywność alkaliczna, skały wulkaniczne Affiliations:
Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Antolik A. | - | IPPT PAN | Dziedzic K. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Gibas K. | - | IPPT PAN |
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35. |
Glinicki M.A., Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Antolik A., Dziedzic K., Gibas K., Susceptibility of selected aggregates from sedimentary rocks to alkali-aggregate reaction / Podatność wybranych kruszyw ze skał osadowych na reakcję alkalia-kruszywo,
Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty, ISSN: 1643-1618, DOI: 10.7409/rabdim.019.001, Vol.18, No.1, pp.5-24, 2019Abstract: The paper presents the results of investigations into the reactivity of domestic aggregates produced from selected sedimentary rocks, carried out using the new testing methods, consistent with the RILEM and ASTM methods, implemented by GDDKiA (Polish General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways) documents. The range of the investigations covered coarse crushed aggregates produced from limestone, dolomite, sandstone and greywacke rocks, potentially suitable for making strong and durable concrete. No reactive forms of quartz were found in the mineralogical composition of the limestone aggregates and the dolomite aggregates. Micro- and cryptocrystalline quartz occurred in the particles of the greywacke aggregates and the sandstone aggregates. On the basis of the expansion of mortar and concrete specimens the aggregates produced from the sedimentary rocks were classified into the reactivity categories: R0, R1 and R2. A sodium-potassium-calcium silicate gel, whose composition (consistent with that reported in the literature) was characteristic of the alkali-silica reaction products, was found. The investigations resulted in a consistent assessment of the reactivity of the aggregates. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań reaktywności krajowych kruszyw z wybranych, litych skał osadowych przy wykorzystaniu nowych metod badawczych wdrożonych w dokumentach technicznych Generalnej Dyrekcji Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad (GDDKiA), zgodnych z metodami RILEM i ASTM. Zakres badań obejmował kruszywa grube łamane o potencjalnej przydatności do wykonania wytrzymałego i trwałego betonu, wyprodukowane ze skał wapienia, dolomitu, piaskowca i szarogłazu. W składzie mineralnym kruszyw z wapieni i dolomitu nie stwierdzono obecności reaktywnych form kwarcu; w ziarnach kruszywa z szarogłazów i piaskowca występował kwarc mikro- i kryptokrystaliczny. Na podstawie wydłużenia próbek określono następujące kategorie reaktywności wybranych krajowych kruszyw ze skał osadowych: R0, R1 i R2. Zaobserwowano występowanie żelu krzemianu sodowo-potasowo-wapniowego o składzie charakterystycznym dla produktów reakcji alkalia-kruszywo, zgodnym z danymi literaturowymi. Uzyskano spójną ocenę reaktywności kruszyw. Keywords: alkali-aggregate reaction, cement, concrete, dolomite aggregate, expansion, greywacke, limestone, quartz, reactive minerals, sandstone / beton, cement, kruszywo dolomitowe, kruszywo wapienne, kwarc, minerały reaktywne, piaskowiec, reakcja alkalia-kruszywo, szarogłaz, wydłużenie Affiliations:
Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Antolik A. | - | IPPT PAN | Dziedzic K. | - | IPPT PAN | Gibas K. | - | IPPT PAN |
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36. |
Glinicki M.A., Właściwości betonu nawierzchniowego z kruszywem odkrytym – wpływ rodzaju cementu i pielęgnacji,
DROGOWNICTWO, ISSN: 0012-6357, Vol.4, pp.99-104, 2019Abstract: Przestawiono analizę zagadnień projektowania składu betonu nawierzchniowego z kruszywem odkrytym, przeznaczonego na nawierzchnie drogowe o kategorii ruchu KR5-KR7. Omówiono wyniki badań betonu wykonanego w laboratorium w sposób imitujący wykonanie warstwy z kruszywem odkrytym. Wyznaczono wytrzymałość betonu, charakterystykę porów, szybkość absorpcji powierzchniowej wody i mrozoodporność powierzchniową w obecności roztworu chlorku sodu. Wyniki badań przeanalizowano w odniesieniu do zróżnicowania rodzaju cementu (CEM I, CEM III/A) i rodzaju pielęgnacji. Stwierdzono znaczący wzrost złuszczeń powierzchniowych i szybkości penetracji wody skorelowany z niedostatkiem pielęgnacji. Keywords: beton napowietrzony, charakterystyka porów, mrozoodporność, nawierzchnia drogowa dwuwarstwowa, pielęgnacja, przepuszczalność, warstwa z kruszywem odkrytym Affiliations:
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37. |
Glinicki M.A., Problem reaktywności kruszywa – cz. 2 kategoryzacja i przeciwdziałanie,
Budownictwo, Technologie, Architektura, ISSN: 1644-745X, Vol.3, pp.62-65, 2019Keywords: reaktywność kruszywa, obiekt betonowy, reakcja alkalia-krzemionka Affiliations:
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38. |
Glinicki M.A., Problem reaktywności kruszywa – cz. 1 rozpoznanie,
Budownictwo, Technologie, Architektura, ISSN: 1644-745X, Vol.1, pp.58-60, 2019Abstract: Przemysł cementowy uznaje, że problem reaktywności to problem jakości kruszywa. Producenci kruszyw mineralnych uważają, że reaktywność jest problemem jakości cementu. A Komisja Europejska uważa, że najważniejszy jest wolny handel. Tak w skrócie można scharakteryzować stan normalizacji betonu i jego składników według Europejskiego Komitetu Normalizacyjnego CEN w zakresie bardzo istotnym dla zarządców i użytkowników obiektów betonowych, zwłaszcza nawierzchni kluczowych autostrad i mostów, projektowanych co najmniej na 50-100 lat użytkowania. Keywords: kruszywo, reaktywność kruszywa, beton, pęcznienie betonu, komitet techniczny RILEM Affiliations:
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39. |
Glinicki M.A., Antolik A., Gawlicki M.♦, Evaluation of compatibility of neutron-shielding boron aggregates with Portland cement in mortar,
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS, ISSN: 0950-0618, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.228, Vol.164, pp.731-738, 2018Abstract: Enhanced neutron radiation shielding capacity of protective structures can be achieved using cement-based composites with boron-containing aggregates. Experimental tests were performed to evaluate the effect of boron aggregates (colemanite, ulexite, borax, boron carbide) and nanosilica on the setting time and hydration heat of cement in mortars using isothermal calorimetry. Boron leaching test from mineral aggregates were performed in water and saturated Ca(OH)2 solution. Cement setting retardation effects were found qualitatively correlated with boron leaching from mineral aggregates. A linear dependence of compressive strength of borated mortars and heat released after 72 h of cement hydration was found. A maximum content of boron compounds in mortar, allowing for a systematical control of setting time, was evaluated Keywords: Boron minerals, Cement setting, Colemanite, Early strength, Heat of hydration, Isothermal calorimetry, Leaching, Nanosilica, Neutron shielding, Retardation, Ulexite Affiliations:
Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Antolik A. | - | IPPT PAN | Gawlicki M. | - | Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials (PL) |
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40. |
Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Glinicki M.A., Gibas K., Baran T.♦, Alkali-Silica Reactivity of High Density Aggregates for Radiation Shielding Concrete,
Materials, ISSN: 1996-1944, DOI: 10.3390/ma11112284, Vol.11, No.2284, pp.1-15, 2018Abstract: Long-term exposure of concrete to nuclear reactor environments may enhance the ageing phenomena. An investigation concerning a possible deleterious alkali-silica reaction (ASR) in concrete containing high-density aggregates is presented in this paper. The scope of this investigation was limited to heavy aggregates that could be used for the construction of the first Polish nuclear power plant (NPP). Five different high-density aggregates were selected and tested: three barites, magnetite, and hematite. Mineralogical analysis was conducted using thin section microscopic observation in transmitted light. The accelerated mortar beam test and the long-time concrete prism test were applied to estimate the susceptibility of heavy aggregates to ASR. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were conducted on aggregates and mortars. The quartz size in aggregate grains was evaluated using image analysis. Application of the accelerated mortar beam method confirmed the observations of thin sections and XRD analysis of high-density aggregates. The microcrystalline quartz in hematite aggregate and cristobalite in one of barite aggregate triggered an ASR. The composition of ASR gel was confirmed by microscopic analysis. The long-term concrete test permitted the selection of innocuous high-density aggregates from among the other aggregates available, which showed practically no reactivity. Keywords: alkali-silica reaction, heavyweight concrete, high-density aggregate, quartz size, radiation shielding, reactive minerals Affiliations:
Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Gibas K. | - | IPPT PAN | Baran T. | - | Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials (PL) |
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41. |
Kubissa W.♦, Glinicki M.A., Dąbrowski M., Permeability testing of radiation shielding concrete manufactured at industrial scale,
MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES, ISSN: 1359-5997, DOI: 10.1617/s11527-018-1213-0, Vol.51, No.83, pp.1-15, 2018Abstract: The effect of the composition of industrial concrete designed for radiation shielding structures on the air permeability and the diffusion of moisture was studied. The mix design for heavyweight concrete of bulk density 3168–3317 kg/m3 was developed using barite and magnetite aggregate and cements blended with fly ash and blastfurnace slag. Structural elements, like columns of a height of 4 m and massive blocks made of mixtures with different cements were manufactured using ready mixed concrete pumped into the formwork. Core specimens were taken from the elements at different locations. The air permeability index was tested using Autoclam device. Evaluation of the quality of concrete on the basis of API results varied from “very good” to “good”. The moisture distribution inside concrete specimens was equilibrated to RH = 60 ± 5%. Observation of RH changes allowed to determine the moisture diffusion coefficient. Significant differences of the permeability and moisture diffusion coefficient depending on the location of the core specimens drilling and mix design of concrete were found. The D coefficient provided a good reflection of the different quality of heavyweight concrete in structural elements. Keywords: Air permeability, Autoclam, Barite, Blended cement, Cracking, Heavyweight aggregate, Magnetite, Moisture diffusion, Radiation shielding concrete, Relative humidity Affiliations:
Kubissa W. | - | Warsaw University of Technology (PL) | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN |
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42. |
Ashraf W.♦, Glinicki M.A., Olek J.♦, Statistical Analysis and Probabilistic Design Approach for Freeze–Thaw Performance of Ordinary Portland Cement Concrete,
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING, ISSN: 0899-1561, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002494, Vol.30, No.11, pp.04018294-1-10, 2018Abstract: This paper features the development of a probabilistic model linking freeze–thaw (F-T) performance of concrete mixtures to their composition. A sensitivity analysis was performed on several concrete mixture parameters to identify the factors that have strong correlations with F-T resistance of concrete. The F-T performance level was defined as a discrete measure of the frost resistance of concrete. Finally, a new model to predict F-T damage incorporating the variability in concrete mix parameters (as selected from sensitivity analysis) was developed. This model was developed using only those data sets that contained the results of the relative dynamic modulus of elasticity (RDME) testing performed according to ASTM and AASHTO specifications. Concrete mixtures containing only ordinary portland cement (OPC) as the sole binder (i.e., mixtures that did not contain any supplementary cementitious materials) were considered. The reliability of the model was demonstrated using several examples of concrete mixtures of various compositions. Accordingly, this model provides the opportunity to optimize the concrete mix proportion for the required performance level of concrete under F-T exposure condition. Keywords: Freeze–thaw, Durability, Concrete, Pavement, Sensitivity analysis, Probabilistic design Affiliations:
Ashraf W. | - | University of Main (US) | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Olek J. | - | Purdue University (US) |
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43. |
Kubissa W.♦, Glinicki M.A., Influence of internal relative humidity and mix design of radiation shielding concrete on air permeability index,
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS, ISSN: 0950-0618, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.177, Vol.147, pp.352-361, 2017Abstract: The permeation properties of concrete are strongly influenced by the degree of saturation of capillary pores. Test results of the Autoclam air permeability index (API) of radiation shielding concrete are presented. Concrete specimens were made with CEM I and CEM III/A cements and special aggregates for radiation shielding: crushed barite, magnetite, serpentine and amphibolite. Two procedures of accelerated drying with simultaneous measurement of moisture distribution in the specimens were proposed. The specimens were tested at different RH levels from a fully saturated state to an oven dried state. The linear relationship between the API and RH was obtained. Effects of heavyweight and hydrogen-bearing aggregates on air permeability index were revealed. Keywords: Autoclam air permeability, Relative humidity, Heavyweight aggregate, Barite, Magnetite, Serpentine, Radiation shielding concrete, Slag cement Affiliations:
Kubissa W. | - | Warsaw University of Technology (PL) | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN |
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44. |
Glinicki M.A., Dąbrowski M., Skrzypczyński M.♦, Influence of curing on the properties of air-entrained concrete in the upper layer of exposed aggregate pavement-modelling study,
CEMENT, WAPNO, BETON, ISSN: 1425-8129, Vol.XXII/LXXXIV, No.4, pp.271-281, 2017Abstract: Modelling studies in laboratory of the effect of curing on the mechanical properties and durability of the concrete pavement with exposed aggregate are presented. Air-entrained concrete was designed as the top layer of a motorway pavement with the use of two types of cements: CEM I and CEM III/A. The w/c increase (from 0.34 to 0.37) and change of cement type (CEM I 42.5N and CEM III/A 42.5 N) in properly air-entrained concrete did not influence significantly the internal frost resistance F200 - a decrease of the compressive strength after 200 freeze-thaw cycles was in the range from 4 to 12%. The lowest reduction of strength was observed for concrete with CEM I, w/c=0.34 and proper air entrainment. The properly air-entrained concrete layer with exposed aggregate, which was cured with a curing agent with closure capacity > 85%, was characterized by a very good resistance to surface scaling - the mass of scales m56 was equal to 0.10-0.12 kg/m2, irrespective of the type of cement and w/c ratio. However, there was a significant increase in the water absorption rate, surface scaling and chloride permeability, which caused with inadequate curing Keywords: air entrained concrete, curing, durability, exposed aggregate pavement, frost resistance, road pavement, permeability, scaling resistance Affiliations:
Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Skrzypczyński M. | - | other affiliation |
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45. |
Długosz A.♦, Pokorska I.♦, Glinicki M.A., Jaskulski R.♦, Identification of thermal properties of hardening concrete by means of evolutionary algorithms,
COMPUTER ASSISTED METHODS IN ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE, ISSN: 2299-3649, Vol.24, pp.101-111, 2017Abstract: In this paper, the evolutionary computation procedures for identifying thermophysical properties in hardening massive concrete structures are presented. The heat of cement hydration, thermal conductivity and specific heat are determined for the purpose of modeling temperature evolution in massive concrete elements. Knowledge about temperature fields is very important due to their link with undesirable thermal stresses that can cause a weakening of structures because of thermal cracking. The proposed method is based on point temperature measurements in a cylindrical mould and the numerical solution of the inverse heat transfer problem by means of the finite element method and evolutionary computation Keywords: thermal properties of concrete, inverse heat transfer problem, early age concrete, evolutionary algorithm, FEM Affiliations:
Długosz A. | - | Silesian University of Technology (PL) | Pokorska I. | - | other affiliation | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Jaskulski R. | - | other affiliation |
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46. |
Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Gibas K., Glinicki M.A., Petrographic identification of reactive minerals in domestic aggregates and their classification according to rilem and astm recommendations,
Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty, ISSN: 1643-1618, DOI: 10.7409/rabdim.017.015, Vol.16, No.3, pp.223-239, 2017Abstract: Considering the long-time durability of concrete in road infrastructure it is important to control the threat of expansive reaction between sodium and potassium hydroxides in the pore solution and the reactive minerals present in the aggregate. Petrographic analysis is the basis for the qualification of aggregates to appropriate classes of reactivity according to ASTM C1778 and RILEM recommendations. This paper presents the results of petrographic analyses of thin sections made from twenty different domestic aggregates. The tested crushed aggregates were obtained from bedrock and glacial deposits. The evaluation of the mineral composition of aggregates included identification of deleterious components and determination of the content of reactive forms of silica. This enabled preliminary classification of aggregate in one of the three classes of reactivity according to RILEM. Obtained results provide an initial assessment of potential reactivity of aggregates and can assist in making decisions to undertake further accelerated or long-term laboratory testing or to modify the concrete mix design. Keywords: aggregate, alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR), petrographic analysis, reactive minerals, thin sections Affiliations:
Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Gibas K. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN |
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47. |
Gibas K., Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Glinicki M.A., Petrograficzna identyfikacja kruszyw podatnych na wystąpienie reakcji alkalicznej w betonie,
PRACE INSTYTUTU CERAMIKI I MATERIAŁÓW BUDOWLANYCH, ISSN: 1899-3230, Vol.X, No.30, pp.68-78, 2017Abstract: Przedstawiono wyniki analizy petrograficznej 20 kruszyw łamanych z rożnych regionów Polski, przeprowadzonej na cienkich szlifach analizowanych pod mikroskopem w świetle przechodzącym. Próbki kruszyw grubych frakcji do 16 mm pochodziły ze skał litych oraz ze złóż polodowcowych z zakładów produkcji kruszyw, łamanych stosowanych do betonu. Ocenę składu mineralnego kruszyw, mającą na celu rozpoznanie składników szkodliwych, przeprowadzono z uwagi na zawartość reaktywnych minerałów krzemionkowych, m.in. opalu, krystobalitu, trydymitu, chalcedonu, wielkość kryształów (skryto- i mikrokrystaliczny kwarc) oraz kwarcu w stanie naprężeń. Zastosowanie metody petrograficznej na cienkich szlifach pozwoliło na wstępną kwalifikację do kategorii potencjalnie reaktywnej lub reaktywnej. Uzyskane wyniki badań stanowią wstępną informację o przydatności kruszyw jako składników betonu bądź o skierowaniu ich do dalszych szczegółowych badań lub ich odrzucenia Keywords: analiza petrograficzna, kruszywo, minerały reaktywne, reakcja alkaliczna kruszywa (AAR) Affiliations:
Gibas K. | - | IPPT PAN | Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN |
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48. |
Glinicki M.A., Brandt A.M.♦, Dąbrowski M., Gibas K., Jaskulski R.♦, Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Baran T.♦, Gryziński M.♦, Ładyżyński K.♦, Nowowiejski G.♦, Beton osłonowy w konstrukcjach narażonych na promieniowanie jonizujące,
INŻYNIERIA I BUDOWNICTWO, ISSN: 0021-0315, Vol.12, pp.637-643, 2017Abstract: W artykule opisano podstawowe wyniki uzyskane w trakcie realizacji projektu badawczego „Trwałość i skuteczność betonowych osłon przed promieniowaniem jonizującym w obiektach energetyki jądrowej” [1]. Przedstawiono też wytyczne techniczne i kryteria oceny betonu osłonowego. Uzyskane wyniki mogą stanowić podstawę dalszych prac przy projektowaniu obiektów elektrowni jądrowych, składowisk materiałów radioaktywnych i innych miejsc powstawania, stosowania lub przechowywania materiałów wytwarzających promieniowanie jonizujące. Artykuł obejmuje zagadnienia związane z wymaganą skutecznością betonowych konstrukcji osłonowych przez zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa personelu i otoczenia przed oddziaływaniem promieniowania jonizującego. Rozpatrzono również trwałość osłon betonowych, tzn. zachowanie właściwości mechanicznych i nieprzepuszczalności w okresie przewidzianej eksploatacji pod wpływem przewidywanych oddziaływań zewnętrznych i procesów starzenia, a także przy podwyższonej temperaturze i promieniowaniu jonizującym. Artykuł nie obejmuje zagadnień integralności osłon pod obciążeniami wyjątkowymi, spowodowanymi awarią reaktora, uderzeniem samolotu, działaniami terrorystycznymi itp. Affiliations:
Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Brandt A.M. | - | other affiliation | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Gibas K. | - | IPPT PAN | Jaskulski R. | - | other affiliation | Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Baran T. | - | Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials (PL) | Gryziński M. | - | National Centre for Nuclear Research (PL) | Ładyżyński K. | - | Hydrobudowa-1 Betoniarnia-Laboratorium (PL) | Nowowiejski G. | - | other affiliation |
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49. |
Kurtis K.E.♦, Xi Y.♦, Glinicki M.A., Provis J.L.♦, Giannini E.R.♦, Fu T.♦, Can We Design Concrete to Survive Nuclear Environments?,
CONCRETE INTERNATIONAL, ISSN: 0162-4075, Vol.39, No.11, pp.29-35, 2017 | |
50. |
Dąbrowski M., Glinicki M.A., Gibas K., Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Effects of calcareous fly ash in blended cements on chloride ions migration and strength of air entrained concrete,
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS, ISSN: 0950-0618, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.08.115, Vol.126, pp.1044-1053, 2016Abstract: The influence of blended cements containing calcareous fly ash (W) on the strength and permeability of air entrained concrete was studied. Moderately active calcareous fly ash of CaO content of 26% and loss on ignition of 2%, obtained from lignite fired power station in Poland, was selected. Ternary cement compositions including siliceous fly ash (V) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (S) were also studied. Air void analysis in hardened concrete was used to evaluate the effectiveness of air entraining process. Pore size distribution was characterized by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The presence of calcareous fly ash in cement resulted in a moderate increase in the compressive strength of concrete and an increase of the category of resistance to chloride ion migration. Test results revealed a linear relationship between the capillary porosity measured by MIP and the chloride migration coefficient (Dnssm). The permeability was lower for increased clinker replacement level which was due to formation of smaller diameters of the capillary pores. Keywords: Air entrained concrete, Air void characteristics, Calcareous fly ash, Chloride ion migration, Multicomponent cements, Pore size distribution, Strength Affiliations:
Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Gibas K. | - | IPPT PAN | Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN |
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51. |
Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Jaskulski R., Glinicki M.A., Application of Image Analysis to Identify Quartz Grains in Heavy Aggregates Susceptible to ASR in Radiation Shielding Concrete,
Materials, ISSN: 1996-1944, DOI: 10.3390/ma9040224, Vol.9, No.4, pp.224-1-14, 2016Abstract: Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is considered as a potential aging-related degradation phenomenon that might impair the durability of concrete in nuclear containments. The objective of this paper is the application of digital analysis of microscopic images to identify the content and size of quartz grains in heavy mineral aggregates. The range of investigation covered magnetite and hematite aggregates, known as good absorbers of gamma radiation. Image acquisition was performed using thin sections observed in transmitted cross-polarized light with λ plate. Image processing, consisting of identification of ferrum oxide and epoxy resin, and the subsequent application of a set of filtering operations resulted in an adequate image reduction allowing the grain size analysis. Quartz grains were classified according to their mean diameter so as to identify the reactive range. Accelerated mortar bar tests were performed to evaluate the ASR potential of the aggregates. The SiO2 content in the heavyweight aggregates determined using the image analysis of thin sections was similar to XRF test result. The content of reactive quartz hematite was 2.7%, suggesting that it would be prone to ASR. The expansion test, according to ASTM C1260, confirmed the prediction obtained using the digital image analysis. Keywords: alkali-silica reaction, grain size, heavyweight aggregate, image analysis, radiation shielding concrete, reactive aggregate, quartz Affiliations:
Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Jaskulski R. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN |
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52. |
Glinicki M.A., Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Gibas K., Dąbrowski M., Influence of Blended Cements with Calcareous Fly Ash on Chloride Ion Migration and Carbonation Resistance of Concrete for Durable Structures,
Materials, ISSN: 1996-1944, DOI: 10.3390/ma9010018, Vol.9, No.1 (Special Issue: Utilisation of By-Product Materials in Concrete), pp.18-1-15, 2016Abstract: The objective of this paper is to examine the possible use of new blended cements containing calcareous fly ash in structural concrete, potentially adequate for structural elements of nuclear power plants. The investigation included five new cements made with different contents of non-clinker constituents: calcareous fly ash, siliceous fly ash, ground granulated blastfurnace slag, and a reference cement—ordinary Portland cement. The influence of innovative cements on the resistance of concrete to chloride and carbonation exposure was studied. Additionally, an evaluation of the microstructure was performed using optical microscopy on concrete thin sections. Test results revealed a substantial improvement of the resistance to chloride ion penetration into concrete containing blended cements. The resistance was higher for increased clinker replacement levels and increased with curing time. However, concrete made with blended cements exhibited higher depth of carbonation than the Portland cement concrete, except the Portland-fly ash cement with 14.3% of calcareous fly ash. The thin sections analysis confirmed the values of the carbonation depth obtained from the phenolphthalein test. Test results indicate the possible range of application for new cements containing calcareous fly ash. Keywords: blended cements, calcareous fly ash, chloride migration, carbonation, durability, nuclear shielding concrete, thin sections Affiliations:
Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Gibas K. | - | IPPT PAN | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN |
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53. |
Baran T.♦, Glinicki M.A., Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., The properties of special cements for shielding constructions in nuclear power plants/Właściwości cementów specjalnych przeznaczonych do betonu w konstrukcjach osłonowych elektrowni jądrowych,
CEMENT, WAPNO, BETON, ISSN: 1425-8129, Vol.21, No.4, pp.207-216, 2016Abstract: The results of studies of concretes from the special cements, destined to the production of shields against the radiation. The study included Portland cement, Portland fly ash cement, and cements with different content of granulated blastfurnace slag. The application of special cements decreased the possibility of ASR occurrence. CEM I 42.5N LH/SR3/NA and CEM III/A 42.5N LH/HSR/NA usage in heavy concrete of gravity in the range of 3200-3600 kg/m3, the compressive strength was in the range of 45-62 MPa and 62-81 MPa after 28 and 90 days, respectively. The comparison of the effect of CEM III/A 42,5N LH/HSR/NA usage instead of CEM I 42,5N LH/SR3/NA for heavy concrete production the systematic decrease of the rate of water absorption, decrease of coeffi cient of chloride ions diffusion, but increased the carbonation rate, was shown. Keywords: special cements, concrete shields Affiliations:
Baran T. | - | Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials (PL) | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN |
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54. |
Glinicki M.A., Jaskulski R., Dąbrowski M., Design principles and testing of internal frost resistance of concrete for road structures – critical review,
Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty, ISSN: 1643-1618, DOI: 10.7409/rabdim.016.002, Vol.15, No.1, pp.21-43, 2016Abstract: We present a review of freeze-thaw durability requirements laid down in both European standards and in the national specifications in relation to concrete for road structures. The principles of material selection for concrete mix are presented. We discuss local variations in the severity of the winter season and the extent of frost action in the components of road structures. The characteristic parameters of the test procedure for direct assessment of the resistance of concrete to internal damage are analysed, with particular attention paid to the specimen cooling rate. The temperature distribution in specimens was determined in standard freeze-thaw resistance tests carried out at two accredited laboratories. We discuss the criteria used in indirect assessment of freeze-thaw durability of air-entrained concrete on the basis of air void characteristics. Based on the determined temperature distribution in concrete specimens we postulate an improvement of the standard test procedure to clearly specify the cooling rate. It would be beneficial to distinguish frost impact zones depending on the severity of action of frost and de-icing salts on concrete in road structures. Keywords: air void characteristics, concrete, cooling rate, durability, internal frost resistance, mix design, performance specification, test methods Affiliations:
Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Jaskulski R. | - | IPPT PAN | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN |
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55. |
Jaskulski R., Glinicki M.A., Dąbrowski M., Ranachowski Z., Sobczak M., Monitorowanie parametrów termicznych procesu twardnienia betonów osłonowych,
Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture, ISSN: 2300-5130, DOI: 10.7862/rb.2016.14, Vol.XXXIII, No.63 (1/I/2016), pp.123-132, 2016Abstract: W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań parametrów termicznych procesu twardnienia mieszanek betonowych, z których dwie wykonano z wykorzystaniem kruszyw stosowanych w produkcji betonów osłonowych (kruszywo magnetytowe oraz serpentynitowe), a trzecią, referencyjną, z wykorzystaniem kruszywa amfibolitowego. Na podstawie analizy dokonanych pomiarów temperatury wyznaczono parametry procesu twardnienia betonu (m.in. maksymalny przyrost temperatury, maksymalny gradient i in.). Jednocześnie rozwiązując numerycznie tzw. zagadnie-nie odwrotne wyznaczono parametry cieplne betonu w trakcie pierwszych 72 godzin twardnienia. Tą samą metodą wyznaczono również wartości funkcji źródła ciepła, a następnie na jej podstawie oszacowano ilość ciepła wydzieloną w procesie hydratacji cementu. Uzyskano dobrą jakościową zgodność postaci funkcji źródła ciepła oraz wykresów zmian temperatury w mieszankach. W toku analiz uzyskanych wyników wyraźnie zaznaczył się wpływ zróżnicowania parametrów cieplnych zastosowanych kruszyw. W przypadku mieszanki z kruszywem serpentynitowym dały się także zauważyć istotne różnice w przebiegu przyrostu temperatury (opóźnienie) w stosunku do pozostałych mieszanek Keywords: młody beton, beton osłonowy, ciepło hydratacji, ciepło właściwe, współczynnik przewodzenia ciepła Affiliations:
Jaskulski R. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Ranachowski Z. | - | IPPT PAN | Sobczak M. | - | IPPT PAN |
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56. |
Dąbrowski M., Gibas K., Brandt A.M.♦, Glinicki M.A., Wpływ kruszyw specjalnych na porowatość i przepuszczalność betonów osłonowych,
Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture, ISSN: 2300-5130, DOI: 10.7862/rb.2016.11, Vol.XXXIII, No.63 (1/I/2016), pp.97-106, 2016Abstract: Przedstawiono wyniki badań podciągania kapilarnego (PK), porowatości dostępnej dla wody (E) oraz współczynnika migracji jonów chlorkowych w stanie nieustalonym (Dnssm). Zakres badań obejmował betony z kruszywem magnetytowym, barytowym, serpentynitowym oraz kruszywem referencyjnym w postaci grysu amfibolitowego, które wcześniej poddane zostały selektywnemu kruszeniu i przesiewaniu, tak by zapewnić jednakowe krzywe uziarnienia/stosy okruchowe. Prze analizowano wpływ mikrostruktury porów wyznaczonej za pomocą porozymetrii rtęciowej z odpornością na wnikanie jonów i cieczy w matrycę cementową. Z badań wynika, że betony z kruszywami specjalnymi osiągają wskaźniki przepuszczalności porównywalne lub nieco gorsze niż próbki referencyjne. Nie zaobserwowano systematycznego wpływu porowatości kapilarnej na wyniki badań przepuszczalności. Keywords: podciąganie kapilarne, migracja jonów chlorkowych, kruszywo magnetytowe, kruszywo barytowe, kruszywo serpentynitowe, porowatość Affiliations:
Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Gibas K. | - | IPPT PAN | Brandt A.M. | - | other affiliation | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN |
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57. |
Adamski G.♦, Garbacik A.♦, Glinicki M.A., Reaktywność alkaliczna krajowych kruszyw - założenia i cele projektu ASR-RID,
PRZEGLĄD BUDOWLANY, ISSN: 0033-2038, Vol.87, No.5, pp.19-21, 2016Abstract: Celem Projektu ASR-RID jest opracowanie wytycznych technicznych projektowania betonów o dużej trwałości, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zabezpieczenia przed wystąpieniem uszkodzeń spowodowanych reakcją AAR, tj. między NaOH i KOH, a reaktywnymi minerałami w kruszywie. Przedmiotem badań są kruszywa ze złóż w rożnych regionach Polski. Reaktywność alkaliczna kruszyw jest oznaczana i oceniana przy wykorzystaniu komplementarnych metod, stosowanych w systemach oceny reaktywności kruszyw w wiodących technologicznie krajach. Projekt zakłada opra-cowanie kryteriów oceny reaktywności kruszyw, z możliwością wykorzystania w systemie kontroli produkcji i ich do-staw na potrzeby wytwarzania betonów drogowych. Ocena reaktywności zostanie zweryfikowana na podstawie eks-pansji betonu w warunkach eksploatacyjnych. Keywords: reakcja alkalia-kruszywo, beton, trwałość, nawierzchnie drogowe, mosty,, metoda petrograficzna, przyspieszona metoda badania ekspansji, testy funkcjonalne Affiliations:
Adamski G. | - | Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials (PL) | Garbacik A. | - | Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials (PL) | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN |
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58. |
Behnood A.♦, Olek J.♦, Glinicki M.A., Predicting modulus elasticity of recycled aggregate concrete using M5' model tree algorithm,
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS, ISSN: 0950-0618, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.06.055, Vol.94, pp.137-147, 2015Abstract: The use of recycled aggregates in concrete is on the rise, driven by economic and environmental concerns. However, most of the existing models to predict the value of elastic modulus of concrete were developed for virgin aggregates and, as a result, they may often be inaccurate when applied to concrete made with recycled aggregate. In this study, the M5′ model tree algorithm was used to predict the elastic modulus of recycled aggregate concrete. The main advantages of the model tree algorithms are: (a) they output relatively simple mathematical models (formulas) and (b) are more convenient to develop and employ compared with other soft computing methods. To develop the model tree presented in this paper, over 450 data records were collected from internationally published literature. Error measures were used to compare the performance of the M5′ algorithm output to the output from other existing models. The results showed that the model developed using the M5′ algorithm has accuracy over 80 percent, which is well above the accuracy the other models. Keywords: M5′ model tree, Modulus of elasticity, Recycled aggregate, Concrete Affiliations:
Behnood A. | - | Purdue University (US) | Olek J. | - | Purdue University (US) | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN |
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59. |
Marks M.♦, Glinicki M.A., Gibas K., Prediction of the Chloride Resistance of Concrete Modified with High Calcium Fly Ash Using Machine Learning,
Materials, ISSN: 1996-1944, DOI: 10.3390/ma8125483, Vol.8, No.12, pp.8714-8727, 2015Abstract: The aim of the study was to generate rules for the prediction of the chloride resistance of concrete modified with high calcium fly ash using machine learning methods. The rapid chloride permeability test, according to the Nordtest Method Build 492, was used for determining the chloride ions’ penetration in concrete containing high calcium fly ash (HCFA) for partial replacement of Portland cement. The results of the performed tests were used as the training set to generate rules describing the relation between material composition and the chloride resistance. Multiple methods for rule generation were applied and compared. The rules generated by algorithm J48 from the Weka workbench provided the means for adequate classification of plain concretes and concretes modified with high calcium fly ash as materials of good, acceptable or unacceptable resistance to chloride penetration. Keywords: chloride penetration, concrete, durability, high calcium fly ash, machine learning Affiliations:
Marks M. | - | other affiliation | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Gibas K. | - | IPPT PAN |
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60. |
Glinicki M.A., Zagadnienia długotrwałej funkcjonalności betonu w osłonach przeciwko promieniowaniu jonizującemu w elektrowniach jądrowych,
Materiały Budowlane, ISSN: 0137-2971, DOI: 10.15199/33.2015.09.08, Vol.9, No.517, pp.29-32, 2015Abstract: Konsorcjum„Atomshield” realizuje projekt badań stosowanych, dotyczących trwałości i skuteczności betonowych osłon przed promieniowaniem w elektrowniach jądrowych. Wpracy przedstawiono genezę problematyki oraz wybrane rezultaty przeprowadzonych badań. Kryteria oceny długotrwałej funkcjonalności betonu, adekwatne do wysokiej niezawodności reaktorów generacji III+, obejmują m.in. nieprzepuszczalność betonu wobec mediów ciekłych i gazowych, wskaźniki ryzyka wystąpienia wewnętrznych zjawisk ekspansywnych i wczesnych spękań betonu. Omówiono wdrożenie opracowanej technologii betonu z kruszywem magnetytowym do budowy masywnych bunkrów akceleratorów wysokoenergetycznych. Keywords: beton osłonowy, elektrownia jądrowa, projektowanie betonu, trwałość Affiliations:
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61. |
Glinicki M.A., Methods of qualitative and quantitative assesment of concrete air entrainment,
CEMENT, WAPNO, BETON, ISSN: 1425-8129, Vol.19, No.6, pp.359-369, 2014Abstract: In the paper the qualitative and quantitative methods of concrete air entrainment were presented, not only these which are in standards but also beyond them. From the last ones the foam index, foam stability and the method applying buoyancy rule of particles migration were described and their drawbacks as well as good points are given. Detailed discussion is devoted to microscopic method of pore structure determination and the drawback of standard lack is underlined. Also the Danish, German and Canadian standards are discussed, the last one especially in the case of road construction. Keywords: air entrainment, air voids, distribution, image analysis, microscopy, microstructure, test method Affiliations:
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62. |
Panchmatia P.♦, Glinicki M.A., Olek J.♦, Influence of Mixture Composition on Thermal Properties of Concrete and the Performance of Rigid Pavements,
Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty, ISSN: 1643-1618, DOI: 10.7409/rabdim.014.016, Vol.13, No.3, pp.235-260, 2014Abstract: The recent mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide (MEPDG) put more emphasis on the effects of thermal curling stresses on rigid pavement analysis and design. Mix design of concrete has significant influence on its thermal properties such as thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, and specific heat. Aggregate type and content significantly alter the thermal properties of concrete incorporating them. The moisture state of the concrete increases its specific heat and thermal conductivity. A review of the effect of temperature of fresh concrete on early age properties is also presented. The performance of rigid pavements exposed to seasonal and daily fluctuations in temperature is discussed. Airfield concrete pavements which are subjected to jet engine exhausts experience heat cycles micro-cracking, coarsening of microstructure and loss of compressive and flexural strength. These effects are mostly the result of the dehydration and decomposition of paste matrix in concrete. Heat cycles result in concrete deterioration similar in appearance to freezing and thawing deterioration. Keywords: coefficient of thermal expansion, temperature gradient, thermal conductivity, thermal properties, concrete pavement Affiliations:
Panchmatia P. | - | Purdue University (US) | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Olek J. | - | Purdue University (US) |
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63. |
Dąbrowski M., Glinicki M.A., Air void system parameters and frost resistance of air-entrained concrete containing calcareous fly ash,
Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty, ISSN: 1643-1618, DOI: 10.7409/rabdim.013.004, Vol.12, No.1, pp.41-55, 2013Abstract: The paper presents results of the investigation of the air void characteristics and the resistance to cyclic freezing and thawing of air-entrained concrete containing calcareous fly ash. The frost resistance was tested also under the presence of de-icing salts to check the resistance to frost-salt scaling and without de-icing salts. The range of investigation included air entrained concrete mixes with the specified water-binder ratio of w/b=0.45 with addition of calcareous fly ash or made using blended cements with calcareous fly ash (W), and also siliceous fly ash (V) and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (S). The coarse aggregates used were crushed granodiorite and crushed limestone. The air-void system parameters were determined by microscopic image analysis and the effect of addition of calcareous fly ash was assessed. The effect of concrete age and presence of fly ash W on the strength and freeze-thaw resistance was also studied. The tests have shown that the use of calcareous fly ash as one of the main constituents of blended cements does not affect the frost salt scaling resistance nor the resistance to internal frost damage provided that the air void system is adequate. Keywords: air-void system parameters, blended cements, calcareous fly ash, freeze-thaw resistance, scaling resistance Affiliations:
Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN |
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64. |
Glinicki M.A., Krzywobłocka-Laurów R.♦, Ranachowski Z., Dąbrowski M., Wołowicz J., Microstructure analysis of concrete modified with addition of calcareous fly ash,
Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty, ISSN: 1643-1618, DOI: 10.7409/rabdim.013.013, Vol.12, No.2, pp.173-189, 2013Abstract: The investigation of concrete microstructure and phase composition was performed on concrete specimens produced with and without calcareous fly ash obtained from Bełchatów Power Station. The used calcareous fly ash (designated “W”) was either unprocessed or ground to assumed specific surface and added to concrete mix to substitute 30% of the binder by weight. The following testing methods were used in this research: scanning electron microscopy, differential thermal analysis (DTA) and multiple microindentation. The characteristic features of the investigated microstructures are discussed and the effect of calcareous fly ash on the content of non-evaporable water and portlandite in cement matrix is analysed. The results of microindentation and compressive strength testing were used as the basis for evaluation of the efficiency of calcareous fly ash added to concrete mix. Keywords: calcareous fly ash, microindentation, microstructure, non-evaporable water, phase composition, portlandite, strength Affiliations:
Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Krzywobłocka-Laurów R. | - | other affiliation | Ranachowski Z. | - | IPPT PAN | Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Wołowicz J. | - | IPPT PAN |
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65. |
Gibas K., Glinicki M.A., Nowowiejski G.♦, Evaluation of impermeability of concrete containing calcareous fly ash in respect to environmental media,
Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty, ISSN: 1643-1618, DOI: 10.7409/rabdim.013.012, Vol.12, No.2, pp.159-171, 2013Abstract: The paper presents the investigation of concrete resistance to penetration by liquid and gaseous environmental media. Calcareous fly ash obtained from Bełchatów Power Station was used as concrete additive. In the mix design a certain portion of binder (15% and 30%) was substituted with calcareous fly ash assuming the efficiency factors of 0.7 or 1.0. The tested parameters included the air permeability coefficient measured with Torrent method, the depth of water penetration under pressure and the coefficient of chloride ions migration measured with the rapid chloride migration test. It was established that the addition of calcareous fly ash resulted in the desired reduction of the value of a chloride migration coefficient while the effect on the permeability of water and air was similar to the effect it had on the compressive strength of concrete. Keywords: air permeability, calcareous fly ash, chloride migration, compressive strength, fly ash processing, Torrent method, water permeability Affiliations:
Gibas K. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Nowowiejski G. | - | other affiliation |
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66. |
Knor G., Glinicki M.A., Holnicki-Szulc J., Ossowski A., Ranachowski Z., Influence of calcareous fly ash on the temperature of concrete in massive elements during the first 72 hours of hardening,
Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty, ISSN: 1643-1618, DOI: 10.7409/rabdim.013.009, Vol.12, No.1, pp.113-126, 2013Abstract: As a measure to avoid thermally induced cracking in massive concrete, mineral admixtures are often added as a substitute for a certain portion of cement. This paper presents the results of testing in course of which the temperature was measured during hardening of concrete mixtures produced with addition of calcareous fly ash obtained from the Power Station in Bełchatów, Poland. The investigation covered 76 concrete mixtures produced with three different aggregates and diverse binder content. In the experimental part of the research, the thermal parameters of hardening concrete were determined with a specially developed method in which the mixture was placed in a one-dimensional mould which allowed for unrestrained flow of heat in one direction. The results of testing were used to assess the influence of the respective ingredients, in particular calcareous fly ash, on the rate of rise of the fresh concrete temperature, on the time of occurrence of the maximum temperature and on the temperature gradients. Finally, a formula for calculating the specific heat of hydration depending on the mixture composition was proposed. Keywords: high calcium fly ash, fresh concrete temperature, heat of hydration, massive concrete, multicomponent cement, temperature gradient Affiliations:
Knor G. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Holnicki-Szulc J. | - | IPPT PAN | Ossowski A. | - | IPPT PAN | Ranachowski Z. | - | IPPT PAN |
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67. |
Dąbrowski M., Gibas K., Nowowiejski G.♦, Glinicki M.A., Wpływ warunków dojrzewania na trwałość betonów napowietrzonych wykonanych z cementów wieloskładnikowych z popiołem lotnym wapiennym,
Budownictwo, Technologie, Architektura, ISSN: 1644-745X, Vol.2013, No.1, pp.72-75, 2013Abstract: Przedstawiono wyniki badań wytrzymałości na ściskanie, odporności na wnikanie chlorków oraz odporności na powierzchniowe łuszczenie w obecności soli odladzających betonów napowietrzonych z popiołem lotnym wapiennym (W). Próbki betonu dojrzewały w odmiennych warunkach wilgotnościowych. Zakres badań obejmował betony napowietrzone o współczynniku w/c=0,45 wykonane z cementów portlandzkich wieloskładnikowych z dodatkiem popiołu W oraz z dodatkami popiołu lotnego krzemionkowego V i mielonego granulowanego żużla wielkopiecowego S. Próbki dojrzewały przez 28 i 90 dni, z czego połowa w wodzie, natomiast druga połowa po 3 dniowej pielęgnacji w powietrzu w wilgotności RH=40%. Charakterystyka porów powietrznych w stwardniałym betonie została oznaczona metodą mikroskopowej analizy obrazu. Z badań wynika, że przy zbliżonych parametrach charakterystyki porów powietrznych zmiana warunków pielęgnacji próbek obniża w znaczący sposób trwałość betonu. Największy wpływ zmiennych warunków i czasów dojrzewania zaobserwowano w odniesieniu do odporności betonu na agresję mrozu i środków odladzających. Keywords: charakterystyka porów, napowietrzenie, penetracja chlorków, popiól lotny wapienny, powierzchniowe złuszczenie Affiliations:
Dąbrowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Gibas K. | - | IPPT PAN | Nowowiejski G. | - | other affiliation | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN |
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68. |
Marks M., Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Glinicki M.A., Olek J.♦, Marks M., Assessment of Scaling Durability of Concrete with CFBC Ash by Automatic Classification Rules,
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING, ISSN: 0899-1561, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000464, Vol.24, No.7, pp.860-867, 2012Abstract: The objective of this investigation was to develop rules for automatic assessment of concrete quality by using selected artificial intelligence methods based on machine learning. The range of tested materials included concrete containing nonstandard waste material—the solid residue from coal combustion in circulating fluidized bed combustion boilers (CFBC ash) used as an additive. Performed experimental tests on the surface scaling resistance provided data for learning and verification of rules discovered by machine learning techniques. It has been found that machine learning is a tool that can be applied to classify concrete durability. The rules generated by computer programs AQ21 and WEKA by using the J48 algorithm provided a means for adequate categorization of plain concrete and concrete modified with CFBC fly ash as materials resistant or not resistant to the surface scaling. Keywords: Machine learning, Automatic classification rules, Database, Concrete durability, Scaling resistance, Circulated fluidized bed combustion fly ash (CFBC fly ash) Affiliations:
Marks M. | - | IPPT PAN | Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Olek J. | - | Purdue University (US) | Marks M. | - | IPPT PAN |
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69. |
Marks M., Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Glinicki M.A., Automatic categorization of chloride migration into concrete modified with CFBC ash,
COMPUTERS AND CONCRETE, ISSN: 1598-8198, DOI: 10.12989/cac.2012.9.5.375, Vol.9, No.5, pp.393-405, 2012Abstract: The objective of this investigation was to develop rules for automatic categorization of concrete quality using selected artificial intelligence methods based on machine learning. The range of tested materials included concrete containing a new waste material - solid residue from coal combustion in fluidized bed boilers (CFBC fly ash) used as additive. The rapid chloride permeability test - Nordtest Method BUILD 492 method was used for determining chloride ions penetration in concrete. Performed experimental tests on obtained chloride migration provided data for learning and testing of rules discovered by machine learning techniques. It has been found that machine learning is a tool which can be applied to determine concrete durability. The rules generated by computer programs AQ21 and WEKA using J48 algorithm provided means for adequate categorization of plain concrete and concrete modified with CFBC fly ash as materials of good and acceptable resistance to chloride penetration. Keywords: concrete durability, chloride ions migration, circulated fluidized bed combustion fly ash (cfbc fly ash), machine learning, classification rules, database Affiliations:
Marks M. | - | IPPT PAN | Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN |
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70. |
Knor G., Glinicki M.A., Holnicki-Szulc J., Determination of thermal parameters of hardening concrete by means of inverse problem solution,
Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty, ISSN: 1643-1618, DOI: 10.7409/rabdim.012.002, Vol.11, No.4, pp.281-294, 2012Abstract: The paper presents the procedure of determining the thermophysical properties of concrete: heat of hardening, thermal conductivity and specific heat, which is based on point temperature measurements in a cylindrical mold and the numerical solution of the inverse heat transfer problem. The procedure was tested on concrete materials made with high-calcium fly ashes. The obtained results show good agreement with the real values of individual parameters and can be used to determine the temperature field in the object of any complex shape. Keywords: calcerous fly ash, heat equation, inverse problem, massive concrete, thermal gradient Affiliations:
Knor G. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Holnicki-Szulc J. | - | IPPT PAN |
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71. |
Bebłacz D.♦, Glinicki M.A., Sobczak M., Wołowicz J., Investigation of the load bearing capacity of precast manhole covers to be embedded in road pavements,
Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty, ISSN: 1643-1618, Vol.11, No.3, pp.183-194, 2012Abstract: Concrete manhole covers of underground cable networks, placed into pavements of roadways and footways, are often subjected to premature damage posing a threat to traffic safety. That is why the investigation was undertaken to increase the durability of precast concrete covers. New concrete mixtures for precast elements as well as the structure of elements (the type of a chassis, the number and arrangement of reinforcement bars) were designed. Experimental research into the load bearing capacity of concrete elements manufactured in multiple precast plants according to the assumed mix design was carried out. The impact of the type of cement, chemical admixtures and fibre reinforcement on the load capacity of precast concrete elements was assessed. The high effectiveness of fibre reinforcement enhancing the load bearing capacity of concrete covers was found. Keywords: concrete, concrete precast elements, fibre-concrete, load capacity, manhole covers Affiliations:
Bebłacz D. | - | other affiliation | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Sobczak M. | - | IPPT PAN | Wołowicz J. | - | IPPT PAN |
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72. |
Gawlicki M., Glinicki M.A., Innowacyjne rozwiązania w zakresie redukcji CO2 w przemyśle materiałów budowlanych,
PRACE INSTYTUTU CERAMIKI I MATERIAŁÓW BUDOWLANYCH, ISSN: 1899-3230, Vol.5, No.9, pp.44-54, 2012Abstract: Od kilku lat jednym z najważniejszych problemów do rozwiązania, na które oczekuje przemysł mineralnych materiałów wiążących, jest znaczące ograniczenie emisji do atmosfery dwutlenku węgla. Służące temu celowi działania obejmują między innymi zarówno działania polegające na zastąpieniu cementów bazujących na klinkierze portlandzkim innymi rodzajami spoiw mineralnych o zbliżonych właściwościach użytkowych, jak też ograniczanie zawartości klinkieru portlandzkiego w cementach powszechnego użytku i zastępowanie go innymi składnikami aktywnym w układach cenent-woda. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie obydwu rodzajów działań podejmowanych w okresie ostatnich dwóch lat, a zwłaszcza zaprezentowanie szeroko reklamowanej i nagradzanej technologii, której produktem finalnym są magnezjowe materiały wiążące nowej generacji. Keywords: Spoiwo magnezjowe, redukcje emisji dwutlenku węgla, cementy wieloskładnikowe, skład ziarnowy cementu Affiliations:
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73. |
Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D., Gibas K., Glinicki M.A., Nowowiejski G.♦, Wpływ dodatku popiołu lotnego wapiennego na przepuszczalność betonów w odniesieniu do mediów agresywnych,
DROGI I MOSTY, ISSN: 1643-1618, Vol.3, pp.39-61, 2011Abstract: Celem przeprowadzonych badań była ocena przepuszczalności betonu zawierającego popiół lotny wapienny pochodzący ze spalania węgla brunatnego, w stanie surowym i po dodatkowym domieleniu. W badaniach skoncentrowano się na określeniu wpływu ilości popiołu jako dodatku do betonu na wnikanie mediów agresywnych. Określono podstawowe właściwości mieszanki betonowej oraz wytrzymałość na ściskanie. Oznaczono współczynnik migracji jonów chlorkowych przy nieustalonym ich przepływie, głębokość penetracji wody pod ciśnieniem oraz współczynnik gazoprzepuszczalności betonu. Mikrostrukturę badanych betonów przeanalizowano na cienkich płytkach w mikroskopie polaryzacyjnym do światła przechodzącego. Stwierdzono, że zastąpienie cementu przez dodatek popiołów lotnych wapiennych do betonu w ilości 15% lub 30% przy w / s =0,55 powoduje poprawę ich wodo- i gazoszczelności, z tą jednak różnicą, że do zmniejszenia gazoprzepuszczalności betonu odpowiedniejsze jest stosowanie popiołów domielonych. Niższe wartości współczynnika migracji jonów chlorkowych otrzymano w betonach zawierających popiół lotny wapienny, wzrost w / s zwiększył przenikalność jonów chlorkowych. Analiza obrazów na cienkich szlifach betonowych wykazała, że w miarę wzrostu zawartości popiołu w betonie wzrasta również ilość niespalonych cząstek węgla w matrycy, których wielkość jest zależna od czasu mielenia popiołu Keywords: gazoprzepuszczalność, migracja chlorków, mikrostruktura, popiół lotny wapienny, wodoprzepuszczalność Affiliations:
Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D. | - | IPPT PAN | Gibas K. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Nowowiejski G. | - | other affiliation |
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74. |
Glinicki M.A., Beton konstrukcyjny wysokiej jakości, ale tylko między spękaniami,
Polskie Drogi, Vol.11, pp.34-36, 2011Abstract: W artykule podjęto temat jakości betonu w kontekście powstawania spękań. Omówiono sytuacje sporne dotyczące interpretacji wyników badań kontrolnych jakości betonu. Stwierdzono, że przy projektowaniu składu betonu przeznaczonego na konstrukcje inżynierskie potrzebna jest ocena jego podatności na powstawanie rys przy rozmaitych oddziaływaniach mechanicznych i środowiskowych. Nie można bowiem ograniczać się do projektowania betonu wysokiej trwałości jedynie „między rysami”. Przydatne są tu koncepcje i metody mechaniki pękania rozwijane od ponad 30 lat w odniesieniu do betonu. Keywords: beton, jakość, mrozoodporność, spękania, właściwości mechaniczne Affiliations:
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75. |
Ranachowski Z., Glinicki M.A., Nowowiejski G.♦, Zastosowanie metody emisji akustycznej do identyfikacji składników betonu przy pomiarach mikrotwardości/Application of acoustic emission method for concrete component identification during microhardness testing,
CEMENT, WAPNO, BETON, ISSN: 1425-8129, Vol.XV/LXXVII, No.4, pp.202-209, 2010Abstract: The objective of the presented investigation was to design the computer-aided procedure to assist the concrete component identification using microhardness testing method and the experimental verification of its efficiency by examination of concrete specimens. Two algorithms of analysis of Acoustic Emission (AE) signal evoked during microindentation were applied. AE signal processing was made by means of computer programs enabling for integrated processing of registered data. Data sets created during microindentation processes were analysed in order to distinguish indents in cement matrix, in aggregate grains and in other areas. The most efficient of the proposed selective criterions, used within a computer software based on wavelet filtering of the recorded AE signal, enabled for successive recognition of concrete components with the efficiency of 76 % within the tested population. Keywords: acoustic emission, microhardness, phase recognition, testing method, wavelet filtering Affiliations:
Ranachowski Z. | - | IPPT PAN | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Nowowiejski G. | - | other affiliation |
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76. |
Bebłacz D.♦, Glinicki M.A., Właściwości betonu modyfikowanego domieszkami i dodatkami przeznaczonego na pokrywy studni kanalizacji kablowych,
Beton modyfikowany do dróg i mostów, Seria "S", IBDiM, Warszawa, pp.47-56, 2010Abstract: Przedstawiono wyniki pracy badawczej „Analiza wymagań i opracowanie kryteriów bezpieczeństwa użytkowania zwieńczeń studni kanalizacji kablowej wykonywanych w nawierzchniach dróg i ciągów pieszych” realizowanej w Instytucie Badawczym Dróg i Mostów we współpracy z Zakładem Doświadczalnym Budownictwa Łączności, IPPT PAN oraz Politechniką Warszawską. Przeprowadzono badania doświadczalne właściwości mechanicznych i trwałości betonu przeznaczonego do wykonania prefabrykatów. Wykonano badania nośności całych prefabrykatów, wykonanych w różnych zakładach produkcyjnych na podstawie opracowanych recept betonu. Przeanalizowano wpływ rodzaju cementu, domieszek chemicznych i zbrojenia rozproszonego na nośność prefabrykatów betonowych oraz na odporność betonu na oddziaływania klimatyczne i eksploatacyjne. Keywords: konstrukcja pokryw, nośność, skład betonu, trwałość, właściwości mechaniczne Affiliations:
Bebłacz D. | - | other affiliation | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN |
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77. |
Giergiczny Z.♦, Glinicki M.A., Sokołowski M., Zieliński M.♦, Air void system and frost salt scaling of concrete containing slag blended cement,
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS, ISSN: 0950-0618, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.10.001, Vol.23, pp.2451-2456, 2009Abstract: The experimental investigation on the frost-salt scaling resistance of air-entrained concrete containing CEM II/B-S 42.5N and CEM III/A 42.5N-HSR/NA slag-blended cements was performed. The air void system in concrete was evaluated in fresh concrete using AVA and in hardened concrete using an automated image analysis procedure. The mass of scaled material was increased for an increased slag content, in spite of increased compressive strength and flexural strength, decreased water absorption and decreased depth of water penetration of concrete. Increasing slag content resulted in a decrease of the total volume of air in hardened concrete and in a corruption of the air void system exhibited by a decrease of micropores content. The increase of mass of scaled material was proportional to the increase of the spacing factor of air voids, except for CEM III/A cement concrete exhibiting accelerated scaling. Keywords: Air-entrained concrete, Air voids, Frost-salt scaling, Image analysis, Slag-blended cement Affiliations:
Giergiczny Z. | - | Silesian University of Technology (PL) | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Sokołowski M. | - | IPPT PAN | Zieliński M. | - | other affiliation |
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78. |
Glinicki M.A., Zieliński M.♦, Frost salt scaling resistance of concrete containing CFBC fly ash,
MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES, ISSN: 1359-5997, DOI: 10.1617/s11527-008-9438-y, Vol.42, No.7, pp.993-1002, 2009Abstract: The possibility for using coal combustion by-products in concrete exposed to frost-salt aggression was investigated. The research was aimed to assess an influence addition of circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) fly ash on frost-salt scaling of air-entrained concrete. For evaluation of the resistance of concrete to frost salt scaling the test called ‘‘depth sensing indentation’’ (DSI) was applied. The DSI test method was implemented on a universal testing frame using a standard Vickers indenter. Experimental tests were performed on cement paste specimens and concrete specimens designed with partial replacement of cement with coal combustion by-products. The mass of scaled material in standard frost salt scaling resistance tests on concrete was inversely proportional to the Vickers hardness of the paste containing CFBC fly ash; the best-fit arithmetic relationship is provided. Keywords: Air entrained concrete, CFBC fly ash, Frost scaling resistance, Hardened cement paste, Microhardness Affiliations:
Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Zieliński M. | - | other affiliation |
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79. |
Czagowiec Z.♦, Glinicki M.A., Kowalski P.♦, Ocena stanu technicznego betonowych pokryw studni kanalizacji kablowej stosowanych w ciągach drogowych,
DROGI I MOSTY, ISSN: 1643-1618, Vol.8, No.3, pp.5-35, 2009Abstract: Przedmiotem artykułu są prefabrykowane betonowe pokrywy studni kanalizacji kablowej, stosowane w ciągach dróg dla pieszych i pojazdów. Celem podjętej pracy było rozpoznanie stanu technicznego betonowych pokryw studni kanalizacji kablowej na podstawie obserwacji prefabrykatów zabudowanych w ciągach drogowych oraz na podstawie wyrywkowych analiz jakości betonu w pokrywach. Stwierdzono, że przeważająca część wbudowanych pokryw ma uszkodzenia i wady produkcyjne, ujawniające się już po jednym roku eksploatacji. Stwierdzono też częste przekroczenie tolerancji wymiarowych pokryw, a także ewidentne błędy instalacji pokryw i zwieńczeń w jezdni, wystających nawet do 60 mm powyżej poziomu jezdni. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych analiz jakości betonu w pokrywach stwierdzono duży rozrzut wytrzymałości betonu na ściskanie, przy czym blisko 15 % próbek wykazało wytrzymałość poniżej 25 MPa wymaganej dla najniższej klasy zwieńczeń A-15. Keywords: diagnostyka, nośność, pokrywy studni, uszkodzenia, wytrzymałość Affiliations:
Czagowiec Z. | - | other affiliation | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Kowalski P. | - | other affiliation |
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80. |
Glinicki M.A., Zieliński M.♦, Air void system in concrete containing circulating fluidized bed combustion fly ash,
MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES, ISSN: 1359-5997, DOI: 10.1617/s11527-007-9273-6, Vol.41, No.4, pp.681-687, 2008Abstract: The increased use of advanced coalburning technologies for power generation, such as circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC), results in new waste products. The potential for using CFBC fly ash in air-entrained concrete was investigated in order to assess the influence of CFBC fly ash on the microstructure of air voids in hardened concrete. A special specimen surface preparation technique for contrasting the image and enabling measurements of air voids size and distribution using an automated image analysis procedure was used. The microstructure of air voids was evaluated on the basis of the total air content, the spacing factor, and the specific surface of air voids. It was found that a satisfactory air void system in concrete could be produced when using CFBC fly ash for partial replacement of cement. The air-void system was characterized by a decreased specific surface of voids and an increased spacing factor Keywords: CFBC fly ash, Image analysis, Microstructure, Air-entrained concrete Affiliations:
Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Zieliński M. | - | other affiliation |
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81. |
Glinicki M.A., Testing of macro-fibre reinforced concrete for industrial floors / Badania właściwości fibrobetonu z makrowłóknami syntetycznymi, przeznaczonego na podłogi przemysłowe,
CEMENT, WAPNO, BETON, ISSN: 1425-8129, Vol.4, pp.184-195, 2008Abstract: Przeprowadzono badania doświadczalne wpływu zawartości makrowłókien syntetycznych na właściwości mechaniczne betonu stwardniałego w zakresie odpowiadającym potencjalnym zastosowaniom w płytach nośnych podłóg przemysłowych wylewanych na podłożu gruntowym. Stwierdzono jakościowe podobieństwo charakterystyki mechanicznej fibrobetonu z włóknami stalowymi i z makrowłóknami syntetycznymi, tzn. ciągliwość materiału ujawniającą się jako zdolność do przenoszenia znaczących obciążeń rozciągających po powstaniu zarysowań oraz radykalny wzrost odporności na pękanie w porównaniu z betonem bez włókien. Wytrzymałość równoważna na zginanie fibrobetonu z makrowłóknami syntetycznymi wynosiła średnio 1,30 MPa, 1,88 MPa i 2,18 MPa, odpowiednio przy zastosowaniu włókien w ilości 2, 3 i 4 kg/m3. Wskaźnik wytrzymałości równoważnej na zginanie wzrastał ze wzrostem zawartości włókien i wynosił średnio od 0,34 do 0,56. Stosowanie wysokich zawartości ≥ 4 kg/m3 makrowłókien syntetycznych w betonie wymaga odpowiednio silnego upłynnienia mieszanki przy użyciu domieszek chemicznych. Keywords: badania doświadczalne, fibrobeton, makrowłókna syntetyczne, odporność na pękanie, wytrzymałość równoważna na zginanie Affiliations:
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82. |
Glinicki M.A., Zieliński M.♦, The influence of CFBC fly ash addition on phase composition of air-entrained concrete,
BULLETIN OF THE POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES: TECHNICAL SCIENCES, ISSN: 0239-7528, Vol.56, No.1, pp.45-52, 2008Abstract: The phase composition of the cement paste phase of concrete containing fly ash from circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) was studied. The motivation was to broaden the knowledge concerning the microstructure and the durability of concrete containing new by-products from the power industry. Several air-entrained concrete mixes were designed with constant water to binder ratio and with substitution of a part of the cement by CFBC fly ash (20%, 30% or 40% by weight). X-ray diffraction tests and thermal analysis (DTG, DTA and TG) were performed on cement paste specimens taken from concrete either stored in water at 18◦C or subjected to aggressive freeze-thaw cyclic action. The evaluation of the phase composition as a function of CFBC fly ash content revealed significant changes inportlandite content and only slight changes in the content of ettringite. The cyclic freeze-thaw exposure did not have any significant influence on the phase composition of concrete with and without the CFBC fly ash. Keywords: air-entrained concrete, fluidized bed fly ash, freeze-thaw durability, waste management Affiliations:
Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Zieliński M. | - | other affiliation |
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83. |
Glinicki M.A., Zieliński M.♦, Rozmieszczenie porów powietrznych w betonie z dodatkiem fluidalnego popiołu lotnego,
CEMENT, WAPNO, BETON, ISSN: 1425-8129, Vol.3, pp.133-138, 2007Abstract: Przeprowadzono badania rozmieszczenia porów powietrznych w betonie napowietrzonym, zawierającym popioły lotne ze spalania węgla kamiennego w kotłach fluidalnych. Dodatek popiołów lotnych z kotłów fluidalnych stosowano jako zamiennik części cementu CEM I w mieszance betonowej. Na podstawie badania zawartości powietrza w mieszance metodą ciśnieniową stwierdzono, że zastosowanie popiołów lotnych z kotłów fluidalnych do betonu wymaga zwiększenia ilości domieszki napowietrzającej: stwierdzony wzrost był proporcjonalny do wzrostu zawartości dodatku. Przy wykorzystaniu automatycznej analizy obrazu na próbkach stwardniałego betonu określono rozmieszczenie i rozkład wielkości porów. Przy wzrastającej zawartości dodatku popiołów lotnych z kotłów fluidalnych stwierdzono zmiany mikrostruktury porów, odzwierciedlone wzrostem wskaźnika rozmieszczenia porów powietrznych oraz spadkiem powierzchni właściwej porów. Keywords: automatyczna analizy obrazu, domieszka napowietrzająca, charakterystyka porów, mikrostruktura, popiół lotny fluidalny, powierzchnia właściwa porów, wskaźnika rozmieszczenia porów Affiliations:
Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Zieliński M. | - | other affiliation |
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84. |
Glinicki M.A., Tendencje rozwojowe technologii betonu,
PRZEGLĄD BUDOWLANY, ISSN: 0033-2038, Vol.12, pp.24-30, 2007Abstract: Główne tendencje kształtujące rozwój betonu w ostatnich latach zostały przedstawione w referacie L.Czarneckiego i W.Kurdowskiego, natomiast nieco wcześniej na łamach Kwartalnika „Budownictwo-Architektura-Technologie” miała miejsce dyskusja na temat przyszłości betonu. Omówione zostały m.in. zewnętrzne uwarunkowania rozwoju betonu w skali globalnej; wymieniono tu masowe zużycie surowców naturalnych i energii, znaczący udział w globalnej emisji CO2 oraz wzrost populacji ludności świata. Na podstawie tzw. uogólnionej krzywej rozwoju zilustrowano postęp jakościowy, reprezentowany wzrostem wytrzymałości na ściskanie, jak też ilościowy, mierzony wzrostem masy betonu produkowanego na świecie. Stwierdzono też, że beton przyszłości będzie materiałem „opartym na wiedzy” i zaproponowano, aby wiedzę tę rozwijać. Celem niniejszego referatu jest uzupełnienie takiego przeglądu tendencji rozwojowych o spostrzeżenia na podstawie doświadczeń i wyników działania europejskich sieci naukowych oraz niektórych projektów badawczych fundowanych przez UE. Keywords: analiza cyklu życia, oddziaływania środowiskowe, projektowanie na trwałość, reologia mieszanki, zbrojenie rozproszone Affiliations:
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85. |
Brandt A.M.♦, Glinicki M.A., Ocena jakości betonu w budynku, który uległ katastrofie w wyniku przemrożenia betonu,
PRZEGLĄD BUDOWLANY, ISSN: 0033-2038, Vol.11, pp.50-54, 2007Abstract: Główne tendencje kształtujące rozwój betonu w ostatnich latach zostały przedstawione w referacie L.Czarneckiego i W.Kurdowskiego, natomiast nieco wcześniej, w latach 2003-2003, na łamach Kwartalnika „Budownictwo-Architektura-Technologie” miała miejsce dyskusja na temat przyszłości betonu. Omówione zostały m.in. zewnętrzne uwarunkowania rozwoju betonu w skali globalnej; wymieniono tu masowe zużycie surowców naturalnych i energii, znaczący udział w globalnej emisji CO2 oraz wzrost populacji ludności świata. Na podstawie tzw. uogólnionej krzywej rozwoju zilustrowano postęp jakościowy, reprezentowany wzrostem wytrzymałości na ściskanie, jak też ilościowy, mierzony wzrostem masy betonu produkowanego na świecie. Stwierdzono też, że beton przyszłości będzie materiałem „opartym na wiedzy” i zaproponowano, aby wiedzę tę rozwijać. Celem niniejszego referatu jest uzupełnienie takiego przeglądu tendencji rozwojowych o spostrzeżenia na podstawie doświadczeń i wyników działania europejskich sieci naukowych oraz niektórych projektów badawczych fundowanych przez UE. Keywords: analiza cyklu życia, oddziaływania środowiskowe, projektowanie na trwałość, reologia mieszanki, technologia betonu, zbrojenie rozproszone Affiliations:
Brandt A.M. | - | other affiliation | Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN |
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86. |
Glinicki M.A., Litorowicz A.♦, Diagnostyka rys w kompozytach o matrycy cementowej metodą komputerowej analizy obrazu,
DROGI I MOSTY, ISSN: 1643-1618, Vol.6, No.3, pp.45-77, 2007Abstract: Powstawanie rys w betonowych konstrukcjach inżynierskich może powodować obniżenie sztywności i wytrzymałości elementów, zmniejszenie szczelności betonu i niebezpieczeństwo korozji zbrojenia. W pracy przedstawiono laboratoryjny sposób diagnostyki rys w betonie metodą mikroskopową przy wykorzystaniu komputerowego analizatora obrazu. Opracowanie metody wykrywania i analizy rys obejmowało m.in. utworzenie laboratoryjnej procedury przygotowania próbek do obserwacji mikroskopowych, zdefiniowanie parametrów charakteryzujących wymiary i rozmieszczenie rys, opracowanie automatycznych algorytmów identyfikacji rys przy uwzględnieniu przekształceń morfologicznych i współczynników kształtu, wyznaczania stopnia orientacji rys oraz określania rozkładu ich szerokości. Poprawność działania metody diagnostycznej została pozytywnie zweryfikowana na próbkach betonu konstrukcyjnego poddanych cyklicznemu zamrażaniu i odmrażaniu oraz na próbkach fibrobetonu obciążanych do określonego poziomu siły ściskającej. Keywords: cyfrowa analiza obrazu, diagnostyka, metoda mikroskopowa, mikrostruktura, rysy Affiliations:
Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Litorowicz A. | - | other affiliation |
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87. |
Glinicki M.A., Litorowicz A.♦, Crack system evaluation in concrete elements at mesoscale,
BULLETIN OF THE POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES: TECHNICAL SCIENCES, ISSN: 0239-7528, Vol.54, No.4, pp.371-379, 2006Abstract: An automated method for crack identification and quantitative description of crack systems in concrete was developed in order to aid a service life assessment of concrete elements in structures. Flat polished specimens for crack analysis were impregnated with epoxy resin containing fluorescent dye. The examination of the crack system was performed in ultraviolet light using a stereomicroscope and an Image Pro Plus image analysis system on specimens cored out of several concrete structures. The laboratory tests were performed on cast specimens to establish correlations between water penetration and chloride diffusion and crack system parameters. The analysis of cracks in concrete cores taken from structures resulted in interesting conclusions based on the crack width distribution and crack localization with respect to steel reinforcement. The method was found very effective to support standard concrete diagnostics methods. Keywords: cracks, crack pattern, image analysis, concrete structures Affiliations:
Glinicki M.A. | - | IPPT PAN | Litorowicz A. | - | other affiliation |
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88. |
Glinicki M.A., Europejskie wymagania na beton napowietrzony w klasie środowiska XF,
DROGOWNICTWO, ISSN: 0012-6357, Vol.3, pp.86-88, 2005Abstract: Przedstawiono porównanie wymagań normowych na skład i właściwości betonu w państwach europejskich o klimacie zbliżonym do klimatu Polski. Omówiono wymagania dotyczące napowietrzenia betonu w klasie ekspozycji XF1 – XF4.
Wykazano braki w krajowym arkuszu normalizacyjnym uzupełniającym normę EN 206-1. Keywords: agresja mrozu, beton napowietrzony, charakterystyka porów, klasa ekspozycji, wymagania normowe Affiliations:
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89. |
Glinicki M.A., Analiza wymagań wytrzymałości betonu na rozciąganie przy zginaniu w nawierzchni drogowej,
DROGI I MOSTY, ISSN: 1643-1618, Vol.4, No.1, pp.15-38, 2005Abstract: Artykuł przedstawia krytyczny przegląd wymagań wytrzymałości betonu na rozciąganie przy zginaniu w nawierzchniach drogowych pod kątem technicznych możliwości ich spełnienia i sprawdzenia w nawierzchni, a także spójności z kryterium właściwej struktury porów powietrznych, niezbędnej w celu zapewnienia mrozoodporności. Liczne wyniki badań wskazują na istnienie liniowej relacji między wytrzymałością na rozciąganie przy zginaniu i wytrzymałością na ściskanie do potęgi 2/3 lub1/2. Rozrzut wyników badania wytrzymałości na rozciąganie przy zginaniu jest na ogół ok. dwa razy większy niż rozrzut wyników badania wytrzymałości na ściskanie; współczynnik zmienności sięga często 10-15%. W przypadku betonu klasy B 40 realnie osiągalna wartość fckt,fl wynosi około 4,5 MPa. Zarówno całkowita porowatość, ale także rozkład wielkości porów powietrznych mają istotny wpływ na wytrzymałość betonu. Procedury kontroli właściwości betonu powinny uwzględniać fakt, że wytrzymałość betonu i zawartość powietrza niezbędnego w celu zapewnienia mrozoodporności, są wymaganiami konfliktowymi. Jak stwierdzono, aktualne normy nie dość ściśle określają procedury pobierania elementów próbnych i przeprowadzenia badania. Jednoznaczna ocena wyników badania wytrzymałości wymaga nawiązania do współczesnych norm budowlanych i uściślenia kryteriów zgodności. Keywords: charakterystyka porów, kontrola jakości, kryteria zgodności, nawierzchnie drogowe, napowietrzenie, wytrzymałość na rozciąganie przy zginaniu Affiliations:
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90. |
Glinicki M.A., Mechanizmy kruchości i trwałość kompozytów cementowych z włóknami szklanymi (Praca habilitacyjna),
Prace IPPT - IFTR Reports, ISSN: 2299-3657, No.11, pp.1-269, 1999 | |
91. |
Glinicki M.A., Wpływ prędkości obciążenia na wytrzymałość i odkształcalność kompozytów z matrycą cementową (Praca doktorska),
Prace IPPT - IFTR Reports, ISSN: 2299-3657, No.1, pp.1-237, 1992 | |