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Polish Academy of Sciences

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Marcin Gruba

Gruca Orthopedic and Trauma Teaching Hospital, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education (PL)

Recent publications
1.  Wasyłeczko M., Krysiak Z.J., Łukowska E., Gruba M., Sikorska W., Kruk A., Dulnik J., Czubak J., Chwojnowski A., Three-dimensional scaffolds for bioengineering of cartilage tissue, Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, ISSN: 0208-5216, DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2022.03.004, Vol.42, No.2, pp.494-511, 2022

Abstract:
The cartilage tissue is neither supplied with blood nor innervated, so it cannot heal by itself. Thus, its reconstruction is highly challenging and requires external support. Cartilage diseases are becoming more common due to the aging population and obesity. Among young people, it is usually a post-traumatic complication. Slight cartilage damage leads to the spontaneous formation of fibrous tissue, not resistant to abrasion and stress, resulting in cartilage degradation and the progression of the disease. For these reasons, cartilage regeneration requires further research, including use of new type of biomaterials for scaffolds. This paper shows cartilage characteristics within its most frequent problems and treatment strategies, including a promising method that combines scaffolds and human cells. Structure and material requirements, manufacturing methods, and commercially available scaffolds were described. Also, the comparison of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and polyethersulfone (PES) 3D membranes obtained by a phase inversion method using nonwovens as a pore-forming additives were reported. The scaffolds' structure and the growth ability of human chondrocytes were compared. Scaffolds' structure, cells morphology, and protein presence in the membranes were examined with a scanning electron microscope. The metabolic activity of cells was tested with the MTT assay. The structure of the scaffolds and the growth capacity of human chondrocytes were compared. Obtained results showed higher cell activity and protein content for PES scaffolds than for PLLA. The PES membrane had better mechanical properties (e.g. ripping), greater chondrocytes proliferation, and thus a better secretion of proteins which build up the cartilage structure.

Keywords:
3D-scaffolds, membrane structure, polyethersulfone, poly(L-lactide), chondrocyte culture, cartilage regeneration

Affiliations:
Wasyłeczko M. - Nałęcz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
Krysiak Z.J. - other affiliation
Łukowska E. - Nałęcz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
Gruba M. - Gruca Orthopedic and Trauma Teaching Hospital, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education (PL)
Sikorska W. - Nałęcz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
Kruk A. - Warsaw University of Technology (PL)
Dulnik J. - IPPT PAN
Czubak J. - Gruca Orthopedic and Trauma Teaching Hospital, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education (PL)
Chwojnowski A. - Nałęcz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)

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