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Abstract:
A gadolinium hydroxide–MXene nanocomposite was synthesized through a microwave-assisted route as a supercapacitor electrode material. The prepared electrode material demonstrated a specific capacity of 128 mAh g−1, along with 98% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles. An solid-state hybrid supercapacitor (Gd–MX//AC) delivered an energy density of 25.8 Wh kg−1 and a high power density of 3000 W kg−1, while maintaining outstanding capacitance retention over repeated cycles.

Abstract:
The rising demand for durable, high-power energy storage devices has driven the advancement of innovative electrode materials for modern supercapacitors. In this regard, microwave-assisted synthesis has emerged as a fast and energy-saving approach for producing nanocomposites with superior electrochemical features. In this work, Ce(OH)3-x wt%rGO (x = 5, 10, and 15) nanocomposites were prepared through a simple microwave-assisted route to enhance electrochemical efficiency in supercapacitor systems. Structural and morphological characterizations using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis confirm the effective incorporation of Ce(OH)3 with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets, resulting in improved crystallinity, abundant defect sites, and larger surface area. Electrochemical testing in a three-electrode setup shows that the optimized CeG-10 electrode delivers a specific capacitance of 1229 F/g at 1 A/g, with strong rate capability and minimal internal resistance. Long-term cycling experiments demonstrate 92% capacitance retention after 10000 charge–discharge cycles, confirming excellent structural and electrochemical durability. Moreover, the fabricated supercapacitor device achieves an energy density of 49.46 Wh/kg at a power density of 1400 W/kg. These findings emphasize the promising potential of microwave-assisted Ce(OH)3-rGO nanocomposites as efficient electrode materials for next-generation energy storage technologies.