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Streszczenie:
Despite decades of research on CO2 capture and conversion, translating laboratory advances into products for widespread public use remains elusive. This review argues that the persistent emphasis on incremental innovations in capture and catalytic conversion overlooks the fundamental barriers that eventually determine large-scale feasibility. Here, we identify and critically evaluate six key bottlenecks that demand urgent attention: (i) the high energy requirement for CO2 capture and regeneration, (ii) limited efficiency and selectivity of catalytic systems, (iii) infrastructure and scalability constraints, (iv) challenges linked with CO₂ purity and transportations, (v) uncertainties in lifecycle emissions and net carbon reduction, and (vi) inadequate economic incentives and market viability. Significantly, our analysis extends beyond laboratory studies to systematically assess insights from emerging CO2 capture startups and ongoing commercial ventures, including those in space and defense. By interlinking the technological, infrastructural, and market-based gaps, we demonstrate that progress cannot be measured solely by energy efficiency and productivity; it must instead address the broader ecosystem of deployment questions. To facilitate broader understanding, authors present complex issues through simplified flowcharts and conceptual diagrams, making the debate accessible to scientists, policymakers, and the wider public. Finally, we propose potential paths to overcome these fences, reframing the CCU discussion from “can it be done?” to “what will it take to deploy it?”. In this way, our review provides not only a censorious diagnosis of why commercialization lags but also a framework to guide future research, investment, and policy toward actionable climate solutions.

Słowa kluczowe:
CO2 Capture, Commercial Deployment, Barriers, Sustainability

Streszczenie:
The heteroepitaxy of diamond films has received widespread attention; however, its application remains limited owing to the mismatch in properties and structure between diamond and heterogeneous substrates. In this study, diamond films were successfully synthesized on high-entropy alloys (HEAs) substrates using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition. The resulting diamond films were continuous, uniform, and adhered to the HEAs substrates. The mixed carbides were identified using X-ray diffraction, and the quality of the diamond films was examined using Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, the corrosion test revealed that the diamond/TiZrHfMo samples had excellent electrochemical stability and corrosion resistance with a corrosion potential value of −0.169 V in a 3.5wt% NaCl solution. A multiple regression model was established to evaluate the effects of the structure and growth parameters, which confirmed that the mixing entropy significantly affected the grain size and corrosion properties.

Słowa kluczowe:
high-entropy alloy, chemical vapor deposition, diamond film, multiple regression model