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Streszczenie:
A gadolinium hydroxide–MXene nanocomposite was synthesized through a microwave-assisted route as a supercapacitor electrode material. The prepared electrode material demonstrated a specific capacity of 128 mAh g−1, along with 98% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles. An solid-state hybrid supercapacitor (Gd–MX//AC) delivered an energy density of 25.8 Wh kg−1 and a high power density of 3000 W kg−1, while maintaining outstanding capacitance retention over repeated cycles.

Streszczenie:
Conducting polymers are widely explored as supercapacitor electrodes due to their reversible redox activity, electrical conductivity, and mechanical flexibility; however, their long-term cycling stability is often limited by structural degradation caused by repeated ion doping and dedoping. In this study, PPy–WS2 nanocomposites with systematically varied WS2 loadings were synthesized through an in-situ oxidative polymerization approach to elucidate how WS2 content influences morphology, surface chemistry, charge-transfer behaviour, and overall electrochemical performance. Unlike conventional reports that primarily highlight performance metrics of PPy-based hybrids, this work establishes a clear composition–structure–performance relationship and identifies the optimal WS2 fraction required to balance pseudocapacitive activity with mechanical and structural stability. Physicochemical characterization confirmed the successful integration of WS2 within the PPy matrix, forming an interconnected architecture that enhances electroactive-site accessibility and facilitates efficient ion and electron transport. Among the prepared materials, the PPy–20W electrode delivered the highest specific capacitance of 911 F g−1 at 1 mV s−1, along with excellent cycling durability. The improved performance arises from synergistic PPy redox activity, WS2-mediated interfacial charge storage, and enhanced charge-transfer kinetics. An asymmetric supercapacitor assembled using the optimized composite achieved an energy density of 32.5 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 1400 W kg−1, demonstrating the effectiveness of controlled WS2 incorporation for advancing PPy-based supercapacitor electrodes.

Słowa kluczowe:
Polypyrrole, WS2, Dichalcogenide, Supercapacitor