Other

Abstract:
NF2-related Schwannomatosis (NF2 SWN) is a rare disease characterised by the growth of multiple nervous system neoplasms, including bilateral vestibular schwannoma (VS). VS tumours are characterised by extensive leucocyte infiltration. However, the immunological landscape in VS and the spatial determinants within the tumour microenvironment that shape the trajectory of disease are presently unknown. In this study, to elucidate the complex immunological networks across VS, we performed imaging mass cytometry (IMC) on clinically annotated VS samples from NF2 SWN patients. We reveal the heterogeneity in neoplastic cell, myeloid cell and T cell populations that co-exist within VS, and that distinct myeloid cell and Schwann cell populations reside within varied spatial contextures across characteristic Antoni A and B histomorphic niches. Interestingly, T-cell populations co-localise with tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) in Antoni A regions, seemingly limiting their ability to interact with tumorigenic Schwann cells. This spatial landscape is altered in Antoni B regions, where T-cell populations appear to interact with PD-L1+ Schwann cells. We also demonstrate that prior bevacizumab treatment (VEGF-A antagonist) preferentially reduces alternatively activated-like TAMs, whilst enhancing CD44 expression, in bevacizumab-treated tumours. Together, we describe niche-dependent modes of T-cell regulation in NF2 SWN VS, indicating the potential for microenvironment-altering therapies for VS.

Abstract:
In this study, the AlCoCrFeNiTi0.2 high-entropy alloy (HEA) was plasma nitrided to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties of high-entropy nitrides formed in the surface layer of the bulk sample. XRD measurements revealed a BCC → FCC crystal structure transformation, with the σ phase disappearing and hexagonal aluminum nitride emerging. Further experimental studies on the nitrided samples, including SEM, EDS, and EBSD, uncovered element segregation into multiple FCC phases with similar lattice constants, such as the NaCl-type (AlCrCoFeNiTi0.2)N high-entropy nitride. These observations align with theoretical analysis based on KKR-CPA calculations. Additionally, plasma nitriding induced high surface porosity; however, micropillar compression testing combined with nanoindentation revealed localized areas with significant hardness. A substantial reduction in the coefficient of friction was also observed. These findings not only provide deeper insights into the nitriding process of complex alloys, like dual-phase HEAs, but also hold promise for further exploration in the manufacturing of super-hard surfaces with high-entropy nitrides, enhancing mechanical properties for applications in harsh environments.

Abstract:
Performance of a structural health monitoring (SHM) system depends on the set of sensors distributed across the monitored structure. Optimal deployment of sensors on large-scale structures, such as tied-arch bridges, is a significant challenge. Condition assessment of a bridge is typically based on its displacement response under operational or diagnostic loads. However, direct displacement measurements require reference-based methods, which is problematic for bridges. Consequently, other sensor types that do not require reference points, such as accelerometers or inclinometers, are commonly used in practice. These sensors can indirectly provide displacement information but require sophisticated numerical integration and filtering techniques. Deploying a sensor network becomes even more challenging when it is heterogeneous and simultaneously utilizes sensors of various types. This paper proposes a sensor placement method for distributing such heterogeneous sensor networks. Two computationally efficient procedures are introduced, based on Kalman filtering and response estimation uncertainty. Their effectiveness is demonstrated using a realistic example of a tied-arch bridge located in Poland. One algorithm operates in a discrete greedy manner, while the other fuzzifies the sensor set to convert the originally discrete problem into a continuous one. Their numerical efficiency is related to the computationally inexpensive use of the cross-covariance matrix between the sensor responses and the target responses of interest. Compared to an existing multi-type sensor placement method, the proposed algorithms yield results of comparable quality with several times smaller computational cost.

Keywords:
Sensor networks, Optimal sensor placement, Kalman filter, Convex relaxation

Abstract:
In the Big Data era, a change of paradigm in the use of molecular dynamics is required.
Trajectories should be stored under FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable and
reusable) requirements to favor its reuse by the community under an open science paradigm.

Keywords:
FAIR principles,MD,Data,Biomolecular Simulation

Abstract:
Coarse-grained modeling has become an important tool to supplement experimental measurements, allowing access to spatio-temporal scales beyond all-atom based approaches. The GōMartini model combines structure- and physics-based coarse-grained approaches, balancing computational efficiency and accurate representation of protein dynamics with the capabilities of studying proteins in different biological environments. This paper introduces an enhanced GōMartini model, which combines a virtual-site implementation of Gō models with Martini 3. The implementation has been extensively tested by the community since the release of the reparametrized version of Martini. This work demonstrates the capabilities of the model in diverse case studies, ranging from protein-membrane binding to protein-ligand interactions and AFM force profile calculations. The model is also versatile, as it can address recent inaccuracies reported in the Martini protein model. Lastly, the paper discusses the advantages, limitations, and future perspectives of the Martini 3 protein model and its combination with Gō models.

Keywords:
GōMartini 3, Martini 3, Coarse graining, Proteins, IDP, membranes, Molecular Dynamics, Nanomechanics

Abstract:
The advancement of force microsensors has shifted towards alternative fabrication methods offering enhanced flexibility, cost efficiency, and adaptability. Traditional silicon-based sensors face limitations such as mechanical fragility, thermal expansion mismatches, and high fabrication costs, necessitating alternative approaches. This study explores a bottom-up fabrication approach using electro-galvanic deposition to develop nickel-based capacitive force microsensors. Unlike conventional methods, electro-galvanic deposition enables precise control over material thickness and microstructure, allowing for the fabrication of robust, metal-based sensors with superior toughness and mechanical reliability. Nickel, chosen for its high tensile strength, corrosion resistance, and adaptability to high temperatures, is well-suited for demanding applications. The fabrication process involves UV maskless lithography for mold patterning, followed by electro-galvanic deposition in a modified Watt's bath with saccharin additives to control grain structure. This enables fine-tuning of nickel's mechanical properties, enhancing hardness and ductility. The capacitive comb sensor structure, integrated with a high-resolution capacitance-to-digital converter, enables precise force measurements with a linear response and high sensitivity. Experimental validation included mechanical testing, calibration, and stability analysis under controlled loading conditions. Results confirmed a strong linear force-capacitance relationship (R2 = 0.9898) and excellent long-term stability, with minimal capacitance drift under sustained load.

Keywords:
Nickel-based sensor, Bottom-up process for sensor fabrication, Electro-galvanic deposition, Capacitance stability, Silicon sensor limitations, Industrial sensor applications, Sensor durability, Displacement-force calibration

Abstract:
Progressive dynamic crushing remains a significant focus in contemporary research aimed at developing and optimizing energy-absorbing structures. This study investigates thin-walled passive energy absorbers featuring multi-level crush initiators in the form of spherical embossments. The experimental setup involved aluminum columns subjected to an impact energy of 1700 J. These columns were designed with varying numbers of embossment levels. Key parameters of the spherical embossments included diameters ranging from 12 to 36 mm and depths from 1.2 to 4.8 mm. Dynamic impact tests were conducted using an Instron Ceast 9350 HES drop tower, with deformation behavior captured via a Phantom Miro M310 high-speed camera. Complementary finite element analyses were also performed to obtain force-displacement responses and crushing efficiency indicators, enabling a comparative assessment of structural performance based on different crush initiator configurations. The results demonstrate that spherical embossments enhance the stability of the crushing process by reducing the peak crushing force. Furthermore, incorporating additional embossment levels increases the mean crushing force and improves the overall energy absorption efficiency of the passive energy absorber.

Keywords:
Multi-level trigger , Spherical embossment, Crashworthiness

Abstract:
Doping of β-Ga2O3 (100) with Si by ion implantation onto heated substrates is investigated. The study reveals complex ion beam-induced defect processes in β-Ga2O3, characterized by the formation of various defect types and their temperature-dependent transformation. By employing X-Ray Diffraction, Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry, Particle-Induced X-Ray Emission, X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure Spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and Density Functional Theory analyses, we examine lattice deformation, identify the local environment of dopants, assess electronic structure modifications, and verify the presence of extended defects induced by ion implantation. Our findings highlight the predominant contribution of substitutional and interstitial Si ions incorporated into complexes that act as donors manifesting n-type conductivity, while some fraction of the defects form complexes that act as traps for charge carriers. Notably, no monoclinic phase transformations were observed during implantation despite substrate temperature variations from 300 to 800 °C.

Keywords:
β-Ga2O3, WBG, Implantation, XRD, RBS/PIXE/c, XANES, TEM, DFT, FMS

Abstract:
The forging of lead-free brass alloys is characterized by low tool durability, presenting a significant challenge in industrial applications. To address this issue, unique magnetron-sputtered coatings based on WB and with the addition of Tantalum, were employed to increase tool life. These coatings were produced from proprietary sintered targets using the SPS-HiPIMS technology. Initially, the coatings underwent laboratory testing, where their microstructure, adhesion to the substrate, and mechanical properties were tested and evaluated. The next phase involved testing these coatings on tools used in hot flashless forging processes. The experiments were conducted on dies that were preliminarily gas-nitrided to provide a suitable substrate for the coating application. The results were compared with those of only nitrided dies.
The study involved the use of nitrided dies, dies with WB2.5 and with W0.76Ta0.24B2.5 coatings. After forging, the tools were observed to assess the wear mechanisms. Surface scans were performed to measure material loss by comparing the surface profiles before and after forging. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the contribution of various wear mechanisms, such as abrasive wear, thermo-mechanical fatigue, and plastic deformation, to the overall tool wear.
The results confirmed the beneficial impact of these coatings on enhancing tool durability. In certain cases, the service life of the tools was extended by up to 50 %. This study demonstrates that the application of newly developed W0.76Ta0.24B2.5 coating which can significantly improve the durability of tools used in the flashless forging of lead-free brass alloys, offering a promising solution for industrial manufacturing challenges.

Abstract:
Pure Zinc single crystal was examined with instrumented spherical indentation on the basal-oriented surface with different tips’ radii. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) were used to investigate the topography and orientation changes within the imprint and the surrounding surface. Noticeable pop-ins were reproducible in the majority of tests. Contrary to the literature reports on zinc, plastic deformation was observed prior to the first pop-in, resulting in a hysteresis between loading and unloading curves. Therefore, pop-ins were associated not with the onset of plastic deformation but with slip deformation and contraction twinning because the twins were found inside and outside the imprint after pop-in event. Numerous cells with different orientations resulting from slip and twinning were revealed by EBSD analysis of the residual impressions. The external twins manifested as sink-in patterns. To illustrate the experimental observations, schemes for the evolution of the complex pile-up/sink-in pattern in terms of the parameters of the pop-in event and the increase of the load after the pop-in event have been proposed. Some novel aspects of Zinc nanoindentation were observed including pop-in bursts occurred during unloading process and detwinning properties after indentation. Finally, the difference between indentation results corresponding to two different tips, including the inverse size effect in the indentation phase prior to the pop-in event, was briefly discussed.

Abstract:
The flexural vibration of miniaturized homogeneous isotropic beams with multiple cracks is investigated using the mixture unified gradient elasticity theory. The model captures both possible stiffening and softening size-dependence at small scales. The problem is addressed using the Bernoulli-Euler beam theory, with the domain partitioned into distinct sections at cracked cross-sections. Cracks are assumed to be non-propagating, sufficiently spaced to avoid interaction, and open during vibration. The elastic spring model is employed to capture the effect of cracks on the dynamic characteristics. The time-dependent variational functional is rigorously established to derive variationally consistent and extra non-standard boundary and continuity conditions. Natural frequencies are obtained by solving the eigenvalue problem resulting from the imposition of boundary and continuity conditions. The predictions demonstrate excellent agreement with experimental, molecular dynamics, and analytical data from the literature for both large- and small-scale beams. The model is applied to examine the effects of gradient characteristic parameters, crack length and location, and boundary conditions on the frequencies. The practical application of the model to the inverse problem, where the location and length of a crack are unknown a priori, is numerically analyzed. The results indicate that the size effect significantly influences the inverse problem solution.

Abstract:
The study investigates the role of the topology of the additively manufactured AlSi10Mg cellular structures in the example of 3D and 2D designs: honeycomb, auxetic, lattice and foam. The samples were subjected to quasistatic and blast-induced dynamic compression. As a result, a relation between the structural geometry and the deformation mode of the compressed structures has been developed, demonstrating its influence on the energy absorption characteristics. The deformation and fracture mechanisms were examined in detail using the finite element simulations in the LS-DYNA code based on the material characterisation over a broad range of strain rates and temperatures. The outcomes show an agreement between the experimental data and the computations. The obtained results prove that by selecting the appropriate topological features, the deformation of compressed structures can be enhanced to improve their energy-absorption capacity.

Keywords:
Additive manufacturing,AlSi10Mg,Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS),Cellular structures,Dynamic compression,Blast-energy absorption,Explosively-driven shock tube

Keywords:
Spark plasma sintering, Discrete element method, Thermo-electric coupling, Joule heating

Abstract:
The paradigmatic state of a 1D collective metal, the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL), offers us an exact
analytic solution for a strongly interacting quantum system not only for infinite systems at zero temperature
but also at finite temperature and with a boundary. These results are potentially of significant relevance for
technology, as they could lay the foundation for a many-body description of various nanostructures. For this
to happen, we need expressions for local (i.e., spatially resolved) correlations as a function of frequency. In
this paper, we find such expressions and study their outcome. Based on our analytic expressions, we are able to
identify two distinct cases of TLL, which we call the Coulomb metal and Hund metal, respectively. We argue that
these two cases span all the situations possible in nanotubes made out of p-block elements. From an applications viewpoint, it is crucial to capture the fact that the end of the 1D system can be coupled to the external environment and emit electrons into it. We discuss such coupling on two levels for both Coulomb and Hund metals: (i) in the zeroth-order approximation, the coupling modifies the 1D system’s boundary conditions; (ii) for stronger coupling, when the environment can self-consistently modify the 1D system, we introduce spatially dependent TLL parameters. In case (ii), we are able to capture the presence of plasmon-polariton particles, thus building a link between TLL and the field of nano-optics.

Abstract:
In this paper, the fracture surface topography of additively manufactured Haynes 282 alloy subjected to tensile and high-cycle fatigue loading was investigated. Haynes 282 alloy bars were printed in three different directions relative to the base plate (0°, 45°, and 90°) via Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) under an argon protective atmosphere. The specimens were subjected to monotonic tensile loading and fatigue testing under load control using full tension and compression cyclic loading (R = −1) in the range of stress amplitude from ±550 MPa to ±800 MPa. The entire surface topography was evaluated by using a 3D non-contact confocal technique and post-failure specimens after a fatigue test performed at three stress amplitudes, ±650 MPa, ±700 MPa and ±750 MPa. Such an attempt was proposed to analyse the fatigue response of AM Haynes 282 in the region near its yield strength. It was found that the printing orientation and the stress amplitude have a strong impact on service life and fracture surface characteristics. Finally, a surface topography parameter involving the mass density of furrows, root-mean-square height, and fractal dimension was successfully combined with the stress amplitude to estimate the fatigue life. The findings offer a novel approach to fatigue life prediction based on post-failure surface analysis, providing valuable insights for industrial applications and forensic engineering.

Keywords:
Nickel alloys,Fatigue,Additive manufacturing,Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS),Fracture,Surface topography

Abstract:
This research was carried out for selected alloy (bearing) and non-alloy (tool) steel. The steels were subjected to austempering. The hardening temperature range was from 100 °C to 180 °C. The use of acoustic emission in connection with the artificial neural network (ANN) enabled the analysis and identification of phase changes occurring in steels during austempering. Classification of acoustic emission events was carried out with the help of their energy values and with the use of an artificial neural network. On this basis, it was observed that in the process of isothermal hardening of steel at the applied temperatures, complex transformations of austenite into martensite and bainite occur. In addition, it was found that the research methods used enabled the identification of signal components originating from the phase transformation causing the formation of thin-plate martensite midrib. The use of acoustic methods in the field of bainitic transformation creates the possibility of their application in the industry.

Keywords:
bainite, martensite, austempering, acoustic emission (AE), neural networks

Keywords:
Thermal runaway, Battery safety, Lithium-ion batteries, Thermal safety, Nano-porous structures

Keywords:
Additive manufacturing, Aluminum alloys, Reinforcements, Powder bed fusion, Direct energy deposition

Keywords:
Fuel cells, Atomic layer deposition, Electrodes, Electrolyte, Balance of Stack (BoS)

Abstract:
Recently, a growing need for sustainable materials in various industries, especially biomedical, environmental, and packaging applications, has been observed. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is a versatile and widely used polymer, valued for its biocompatibility, water solubility, and easy processing, e.g., forming nanofibers via electrospinning. As a result of cross-linking, PVA turns into a three-dimensional structure—hydrogel with unusual sorption properties and mimicry of biological tissues. However, traditional cross-linking methods often involve toxic chemicals and harsh conditions, which can limit its eco-friendly potential and raise concerns about environmental impact. “Green” cross-linking approaches, such as the use of natural cross-linkers, freeze–thawing, enzymatic processes, irradiation, heat treatment, or immersion in alcohol, offer an environmentally friendly alternative that aligns with global trends toward sustainability. These methods not only reduce the use of harmful substances but also enhance the biodegradability and safety of the materials. By reviewing and analyzing the latest advancements in “green” PVA cross-linking approaches, this review provides a comprehensive overview of current techniques, their advantages, limitations, and potential applications. The main emphasis is placed on PVA nanostructured forms and applications of PVA-based biomaterials in areas such as wound dressings, drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, biological filters, and biosensors. Moreover, this article will contribute to the broader scientific understanding of how the materials based on PVA can be optimized both in terms of “greener” and safer production, as well as adjusting the final platform properties.

Keywords:
cross-linking, eco-friendly approaches, nanostructured biomaterials, poly(vinyl alcohol)

Keywords:
quantum steering, Bell nonlocality, quantum entanglement, steering inequalities, quantum certification

Abstract:
We theoretically investigate electron-electron interaction effects on the single-particle Green's function of doped monolayer MoS2, employing a massless Dirac continuum model within the random phase approximation and incorporating long-range Coulomb interactions via a modified Keldysh potential. Our calculations provide quantitative predictions for the many-body spectral function, the renormalized quasiparticle energy dispersion, and the renormalized velocity at both zero and finite temperatures, taking into account carrier density, electric field intensity, and spin polarization. We identify experimentally detectable many-body signatures that are substantially enhanced with decreasing carrier density, electric field, and spin polarization, alongside intriguing instabilities in the excitation spectrum at small wave vectors where interactions completely destroy the noninteracting linear dispersion. The velocity renormalization exhibits a leading-order temperature correction that is linear and positive, with a universal, density-independent slope in the high-density limit. We further predict an enhanced effective velocity at low temperatures and a nonmonotonic temperature dependence at higher temperatures (e.g.

Abstract:
To minimize the potential risk of concrete damage due to alkali-silica reaction (ASR) when using ordinary Portland cement in concrete mixtures, the alkali threshold level must be established for specific aggregate combinations. Since deicing salts used in the winter maintenance of highway structures can serve as an external source of alkalis, their impact on alkali threshold determination should be evaluated. An experimental investigation was conducted on concrete specimens subjected to a 60°C performance test, both with and without an external alkali supply. Concrete mixtures were prepared using Portland cements with alkali contents ranging from 0.45 % to 1.2 % Na2Oeq. Mineral aggregates consisted of blends of potentially reactive coarse granite and natural siliceous sand, characterized by varying degrees of reactivity. The development of concrete expansion over time and associated changes in its dynamic elastic modulus, as well as the characteristics of ASR products in concrete is reported. The chemical reactivity index was determined based on the concentrations of Si, Ca, and Al in test suspensions containing aggregate, CaO, and NaOH. At simulated pavement environmental conditions variations in temperature and relative humidity in concrete were monitored. The effects of exposure conditions on expansion behavior and the composition of ASR products are discussed. The alkali threshold levels derived for such different exposure conditions are compared and analyzed in relation to the varying potential reactivity of fine aggregates.

Keywords:
Alkali-silica reaction,Alkali supply,Concrete durability,Critical alkali content,NaCl deicer,Reactive aggregate,Simulated service exposure conditions

Abstract:
The third version of the UNRES web server is described, in which the range of biological macromolecules treated and calculation types has been extended significantly. DNA and RNA molecules have been added to enable the user to run simulations of their folding/hybridization and dynamics. To increase the accuracy of the simulated proteins models, the restraints on secondary structure have been enhanced to include the probabilities of the coil, extended and helical state, which are taken from the PSIPRED or HHpred raw input and the restraints from multiple bioinformatics models have been added. The NMR-data-assisted functionality has been extended to include time-averaged restraints, this feature enabling the user to model multistate and intrinsically-disordered proteins and those with intrinsically-disordered regions. Finally, the prediction of the propensity of peptides to aggregation has been included to enable the user to predict peptide solubility and aggregation, including the character and the structures of the aggregates.

Keywords:
protein and nucleic-acid structure prediction, peptide aggregation, coarse graining, molecular dynamics, time-averaged NMR

Abstract:
The global challenges of access to clean water and energy continue to grow, prompting research into sustainable solutions. A promising approach involves the conversion of agricultural waste into high-porosity functional materials for both water purification and energy storage. This study explores the conversion of stale bread into spongy carbon materials, which were evaluated as adsorbents for the removal of cationic dyes and electrodes for supercapacitors. The physical and chemical properties of the material were characterized using standard techniques. In particular, activated carbon produced at 900 °C showed a balanced mixture of micropores and mesopores, with a high specific surface area of ∼1583 m² g-1, making it a low-cost effective adsorbent for the removal of crystal violet dye, showing an adsorption capacity of 753.9 mg g-1, optimal at 10 mg of adsorbent dose with only 10 min of contact time. It performed well in a wide pH range (2–12) and in saline solutions. Furthermore, the material demonstrated a single electrode specific capacitance of ∼155 F g-1, an energy density of 21.6 Wh kg-1, and a power density of 355.9 kW kg-1 in supercapacitor applications. It exhibited high reversibility of charge-storage, retaining ∼85 % of its capacitance after 15,000 cycles. These results highlight the potential of pyrolyzed agricultural waste as a versatile and sustainable material for environmental and energy applications.

Keywords:
Activated carbon, Crystal violet, Dye adsorption, Energy storage application, Supercapacitor

Abstract:
Plant pathogens pose a severe threat to global food security by compromising the availability, quality, and safety of crops for human and animal consumption. Given the urgent need for alternatives to chemical pesticides, natural inhibitors of phytopathogenic proteases represent promising biopesticides. Tarocystatin has been characterized in Colocasia esculenta as a defense protein against phytopathogenic nematodes and fungi. Despite its biotechnological potential, few studies describe its mechanical, structural, and energetic properties. In this study, we characterized the inhibitory mechanism of tarocystatin against papain using a computational biophysics approach. Through extensive molecular dynamics (MD) and steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations, we explored the dynamic, energetic, structural, and mechanical basis of tarocystatin and its specific binding to papain. Our results suggest that the stability of the complex is characterized by a lack of conformational rearrangements, showing invariability in its secondary structure across all MD replicas. Additionally, electrostatic analysis revealed a high complementarity of the tarocystatin-papain complex, which was later corroborated by the hydrogen-bond network established at the complex interface, explaining its strong inhibitory capacity. Moreover, we determined that the substrate-competitive inhibitory mechanism is due to the binding ability of conserved motifs in tarocystatin, which efficiently interact with the catalytic active site of papain. This was also confirmed through SMD, where we observed that the N-terminal region acts as a spring to prevent the dissociation of the complex under external pulling forces. Overall, our study is the first to provide a comprehensive exploration of the biophysical properties of the tarocystatin-papain complex, offering insights into the tarocystatin's inhibition mechanism. These results lay the foundation for future development of tarocystatin-based antifungal alternatives, as well as for exploring its inhibitory activity in other pathogens or enhancing its efficacy through molecular engineering.

Keywords:
Tarocystatin, Papain, Inhibition mechanism, Molecular dynamics, Computational biophysics

Keywords:
Deep eutectic solvent, Gel-like polymer electrolyte, High-voltage supercapacitor, Quasi-solid state electrolyte, Symmetric supercapacitor

Abstract:
In recent years, non-degradable petroleum-based polymer packaging has generated serious disposal, pollution, and ecological issues. The application of biodegradable food packaging for common purposes could overcome these problems. Bio-based hydrogel films are interesting materials as potential alternatives to non-biodegradable commercial food packaging due to biodegradability, biocompatibility, ease of processability, low cost of production, and the absorption ability of food exudates. The rising need to provide additional functionality for food packaging has led scientists to design approaches extending the shelf life of food products by incorporating antimicrobial and antioxidant agents and sensing the accurate moment of food spoilage. In this review, we thoroughly discuss recent hydrogel-based film applications such as active, intelligent packaging, as well as a combination of these approaches. We highlight their potential as food packaging but also indicate the drawbacks, especially poor barrier and mechanical properties, that need to be improved in the future. We emphasize discussions on the mechanical properties of currently studied hydrogels and compare them with current commercial food packaging. Finally, the future directions of these types of approaches are described.

Keywords:
hydrogels,bio-based polymers,active packaging,intelligent packaging,food packaging

Abstract:
Background Metal Laser Powder Bed Fusion Melting (LPBF-M) is considered economically viable and environmentally
sustainable because of the possibility of reusing the residual powder feedstock leftover in the build chamber after a part
build is completed. There is however limited information on the fatigue damage development of LPBF-M samples made
from reused feedstock.
Objective In this paper, the stainless steel 316 L (SS316L) powder feedstock was examined and characterised after 25
reuses, following which the fatigue damage development of material samples made from the reused powder was assessed.
Methods The suitability of the powder to LPBF-M technology was evaluated by microstructural observations and measurements of Hall flow, apparent and tapped density as well as Carr’s Index and Hausner ratio. LPBF-M bar samples in three
build orientations (Z – vertical, XY – horizontal, ZX – 45° from the build plate) were built for fatigue testing. They were
then subjected to fatigue testing under load control using full tension and compression cyclic loading and stress asymmetry
coefficient equal to -1 in the range of stress amplitude from ± 300 MPa to ± 500 MPa.
Results Samples made from reused powder (25 times) in the LPBF-M process exhibited similar fatigue performance to fresh
unused powder although a lower ductility for vertical samples was observed during tensile testing. Printing in horizontal
(XY) and diagonal (ZX) directions, with reused powder, improved the service life of the SS316L alloy in comparison to
the vertical (Z).
Conclusions Over the 25 reuses of the powder feedstock there was no measurable difference in the flowability between the
fresh (Hall Flow: 21.4 s/50 g) and reused powder (Hall Flow: 20.6 s/50 g). This confirms a uniform and stable powder feeding
process during LPBF-M for both fresh and reused powder. The analysis of fatigue damage parameter, D, concluded cyclic
plasticity and ratcheting to be the main mechanism of damage.

Keywords:
SS316L ,Stainless steel,Fatigue,Additive manufacturing,Laser Powder Bed Fusion Melting (LPBF-M)

Abstract:
Magnesium is distinguished by its highly anisotropic inelastic deformation involving a profuse activity of deformation twinning. Instrumented micro/nano-indentation technique has been widely applied to characterize the mechanical properties of magnesium, typically through the analysis of the indentation load–depth response, surface topography, and less commonly, the post-mortem microstructure within the bulk material. However, experimental limitations prevent the real-time observation of the evolving microstructure. To bridge this gap, we employ a recently-developed finite-strain model that couples the phase-field method and conventional crystal plasticity to simulate the evolution of the indentation-induced twin microstructure and its interaction with plastic slip in a magnesium single-crystal. Particular emphasis is placed on two aspects: orientation-dependent inelastic deformation and indentation size effects. Several outcomes of our 2D computational study are consistent with prior experimental observations. Chief among them is the intricate morphology of twin microstructure obtained at large spatial scales, which, to our knowledge, represents a level of detail that has not been captured in previous modeling studies. To further elucidate on size effects, we extend the model by incorporating gradient-enhanced crystal plasticity, and re-examine the notion of ‘smaller is stronger’. The corresponding results underscore the dominant influence of gradient plasticity over the interfacial energy of twin boundaries in governing the size-dependent mechanical response.

Keywords:
Magnesium alloys, Deformation twinning, Micro/nano-indentation, Microstructure evolution, Phase-field method, Crystal plasticity

Abstract:
We develop a 1D model of twin branching in shape memory alloys. The free energy of the branched microstructure comprises the interfacial and elastic strain energy contributions, both expressed in terms of the average twin spacing treated as a continuous function of the position. The total free energy is then minimized, and the corresponding Euler–Lagrange equation is solved numerically using the finite element method. The model can be considered as a continuous counterpart of the recent discrete model of Seiner et al. (2020), and our results show a very good agreement with that model in the entire range of physically relevant parameters. Furthermore, our continuous setting facilitates incorporation of energy dissipation into the model. The effect of rate-independent dissipation on the evolution of the branched microstructure is thus studied. The results show that significant effects on the microstructure and energy of the system are expected only for relatively small domain sizes.

Keywords:
Microstructure evolution,Martensite,Twinning,Interfaces,Energy dissipation

Abstract:
Sintered porous materials present challenges for any modeling approach applied to simulate their damage evolution because of their complex microstructure, which is crucial for the initialization and propagation of microcracks. This paper presents discrete element simulations of the damage evolution of a NiAl-based material reconstructed by micro-CT imaging. A novel geometry reconstruction procedure based on micro-CT images and the adapted advancing front algorithm fills the solid phase using well-connected irregular and highly dense sphere packing, which directly represents the microstructure of the porous material. Uniaxial compression experiments were performed to identify the behavior of the NiAl sample and validate the discrete element model. Discrete element simulations based on micro-CT imaging revealed a realistic representation of the damage evolution and stress–strain dependency. The stress and strain of the numerically obtained curve peak differed from the experimentally measured values by 0.1% and 4.2%, respectively. The analysis of damage evolution was performed according to the time variation rate of the broken bond count. Investigation of the stress–strain dependencies obtained by using different values of the compression strain rate showed that the performed simulations approached the quasi-static state and achieved the acceptable accuracy within the limits of the available computational resources. The proposed stress scaling technique allowed a seven times increase of the size of the time step, which reduced the computing time by seven times.

Keywords:
porous materials,NiAl,discrete element method,bonded particle model,micro-CT imaging,reconstruction of material microstructure

Keywords:
Microsystems, Curved beams, Strain gradient elasticity, Porous composites, Isogeometric numerical approach

Keywords:
Nonlocality, Couple stree tensor, Archs, Functionally graded composites, Isogeometric analysis

Keywords:
Single lap joint, Cohesive zone model, Nanocomposites, Mechanical properties, Stress concentration

Keywords:
polymer matrix composites, interlayer, welding quality, lap shear strength, spot welding

Keywords:
Finite element analysis, Short fiber-reinforced, Natural frequency, Optimal dynamic stability, Randomly reinforced composites

Abstract:
A versatile, straightforward approach for direct fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) nanofibrous sponges via electrospinning is reported. The fabrication of porous 3D nanofibrous sponges is facilitated due to the protonation of dimethylamino ethyl (DMAE) groups in Eudragit E100 (EE). The generated 3D sponges are characterized by microscopy, thermal analysis, light scattering, and contact angle measurements to reveal their physicochemical properties. Additionally, antibacterial properties are confirmed via a colony-forming unit assay. Microscopy analysis demonstrated that the obtained nanofibers possessed uniform conformation without beads, and their overall diameter varies depending on the fraction of the blend composition. The protonation of DMAE groups is investigated via infrared spectroscopy and further confirmed via zeta potential measurements. The charged electrospun 3D sponges exhibited significant antibacterial properties, effectively combating E. coli even at a diluted extract of samples. Owing to their morphology, electrostatically charged surface, and significant antibacterial properties, these 3D nanofibrous sponges present themselves as an effective material for integration in filtering membranes or cartridges, which may minimize harmful substances suspended in the air.

Keywords:
electrospinning, antibacterial materials, 3D materials

Abstract:
The aim of the article is to highlight the key role of artificial intelligence in modern oncology. The search for scientific publications was carried out through the following web search engines: PubMed, PMC, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase and Ebsco. Artificial intelligence plays a special role in oncology and is considered to be the future of oncology. The largest application of artificial intelligence in oncology is in diagnostics (more than 80%),
particularly in radiology and pathology. This can help oncologists not only detect cancer at an early stage but also forecast the possible development of the disease by using predictive models. Artificial intelligence plays a special role in clinical trials. AI makes it possible to
accelerate the discovery and development of new drugs, even if not necessarily successfully. This is done by detecting new molecules. Artificial intelligence enables patient recruitment by combining diverse demographic and medical patient data to match the requirements of a given research protocol. This can be done by reducing population heterogeneity, or by prognostic and predictive enrichment. The effectiveness of artificial intelligence in oncology
depends on the continuous learning of the system based on large amounts of new data but the development of artificial intelligence also requires the resolution of some ethical and legal issues.

Keywords:
artificial intelligence, intelligent oncology, cancer prediction, cancer screening

Abstract:
Friction and wear are among the most crucial limiting factors for micro-electro-mechanical systems reliability. In this article, it introduces a novel approach to microtribological research by developing ultrastiff atomic force microscopy (AFM) probes capable of applying millinewton-range normal loads. This innovation enables friction measurements in operational ranges relevant to microbearings, overcoming limitations of conventional AFM probes. This article investigates the tribological performance of zirconium carbide (ZrC) coatings, fabricated via physical vapor deposition sputtering, in combination with various microspherical counterfaces. Its findings reveal that ZrC coatings with high carbon content exhibit coefficient of friction as low as 0.08 when paired with borosilicate glass. Additionally, it provides insights into wear behavior, advancing the selection of tribo-pairs for next-generation microbearings.

Abstract:
This study conducts a comprehensive numerical analysis to examine how the interphase zone influences the mechanical behavior of multiphase metal matrix composites at the microscale. A unit-cell model is developed within a finite element framework to capture the mechanical response of (a) interphase and particle deformation and damage, (b) a porous metal matrix, and (c) surface separation at two distinct interfaces. The material properties of the composite’s key constituents are determined through a calibration process combining experimental testing and literature data. A series of simulations on unit-cell models with varying interphase characteristics are carried out to assess the effect of different plastic properties. Additionally, the role of interphase brittleness is investigated by modifying the failure strain to represent brittle, semi-ductile,
and ductile behavior. By systematically varying interphase parameters, the study explores a broad spectrum of potential composite performance scenarios. Parametric studies are also conducted to analyze the behavior of interfaces between composite constituents. By adjusting cohesive strength and fracture energy, the model captures a wide range of bonding conditions—from weak to strong, and from brittle to ductile. The analysis identifies more than six distinct failure modes.
Comparative stress-strain responses are used to highlight the influence of specific parameters on composite behavior. Key performance metrics such as toughness, ultimate tensile strength, and ductility are evaluated to illustrate the connection between microscopic features and macroscopic properties.

Keywords:
Metal matrix composite, Interphase, Finite element modelling, Fracture, Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman model

Abstract:
This paper presents a mathematical and numerical framework for modelling and parametrising tumour evolution dynamics to enhance computer-aided diagnosis and personalised treatment. The model comprises six differential equations describing cancer cell and blood vessel concentrations, tissue stiffness, Ki-67 marker distribution, and the apparent velocity of marker propagation. These equations are coupled through S-functions with adjustable coefficients. An inverse problem approach calibrates the model by fitting adjustable coefficients to patient-specific clinical data, thereby enabling disease progression and treatment response simulations. By integrating historical and prospective patient data supported by machine learning algorithms, this framework holds promise as a robust decision-support tool for optimising therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
Tumour modelling, Personalised treatment, Breast cancer, Navier–stokes, Evolution simulation, Machine learning

Abstract:
This study investigates the use of eddy current testing (ECT) as a non-destructive technique to evaluate the thickness and structural variations of non-magnetic aluminide coatings on MAR-M247 nickel-based superalloy. Coatings with thicknesses of 20 μm and 40 μm were applied to substrates exhibiting fine, coarse, and columnar grain structures. Using sensors of different geometries, impedance measurements were performed within a frequency range of 11.5 MHz to 12.5 MHz. Results demonstrated the designed sensor’s superior sensitivity, with the highest values of absolute resistance difference significantly exceeding the threshold for reliable distinction due to coating thicknesses or grain structures. The study highlights the impact of eddy current penetration depth and edge effects on the measurement accuracy, emphasizing the need for optimized sensor design and frequency selection. Findings confirm the efficacy of ECT in differentiating coatings of varying thicknesses and substrate structures, offering a reliable tool for quality control in high-temperature applications.

Keywords:
Aluminide coating, Eddy current testing, Non-destructive testing, Nickel alloys

Abstract:
Gel polymer electrolytes, constituted by plastic crystals, are an emerging class of semi-solid with desirable mechanical, thermal and electrochemical characteristics rendering them suitable for energy storage and conversion devices. This work presents the exploration of graphene nanoplatelets as electrodes with a novel gel polymer electrolyte based on poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP), incorporating non-ionic plastic crystal (succinonitrile), organic ionic plastic crystal (1-ethyl-1-methyl piperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonic)imide), and lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (Li-TFSI). With the addition of Li-TFSI in the bare electrolyte mentioned, the physical and electrochemical parameters are significantly enhanced. The ion diffusion coefficient improved by ∼122 %, with a specific capacitance, energy, and power densities of ∼67 F g−1, ∼ 9 Wh kg−1 and ∼119.2 kW kg−1, respectively. The EDLC illustrates overall stable and high-rate performance upto ∼42 Ag−1 with the coulombic efficiency of 96–98 % and depicting only ∼8.8 % initial fading. The device has capability to glove a LED upto ∼13 min indicating substantial practical efficiency of energy storage of supercapacitor.

Keywords:
Lithium salt, Ionic conductivity, Gel polymer electrolytes, Graphene nanoplatelets, LED, Electrochemical double-layer capacitor

Abstract:
After the synthetization of graphene, various carbon allotropes with remarkable applications have emerged in
the material science. Net Y, closely related to Net C, is a novel carbon allotrope with exceptional properties. This study employs the molecular dynamics simulation to predict key mechanical characters of Net Y subjected to a uniaxial tension, including the failure strain as well as stress, Young’s modulus, and strain energy. A detailed tension distribution analysis is provided to explore its mechanical behavior further. The numerical results reveal that the defect density and temperature gradients significantly influence the mechanical performance of Net Y.
The nanosheet exhibits over twice the failure stress and 1.5 times the failure strain along with the X direction
than the initial failure stress and strain observed along with the Y direction. Also, it is demonstrated that the ultimate failure stress as well as strain along with the Y direction are more significant due to a substantial failure region in the associated stress–strain path. Furthermore, it is observed that the Young’s modulus declines consistently allocated to a higher defect density, decreasing by approximately 17 % via increasing the defect density from 0.5 % to 2 % along with the X direction. Moreover, the quantity of strain energy increases with the number of ribbons, reaching 1.58 × 10^(-26) eV and 3.99 × 10^(-26) eV along with the X and Y directions, respectively. The study also emphasizes the importance of defect location and structural stability through the tension distribution analysis.

Keywords:
Carbon allotrope, Net Y, Molecular dynamics simulation, Mechanical properties

Abstract:
Technologies for functional coatings are evolving rapidly, with electrospark alloying (ESA) emerging as a promising method for surface modification due to its efficiency and localized impact. This review analyzes the fundamental principles of ESA and the effects of process parameters on coating characteristics and highlights its advantages and limitations. Particular attention is given to hybrid ESA-based technologies, including combinations with laser treatment, plastic deformation, vapor deposition, and polymer-metal overlays. These hybrid methods significantly improve coating quality by enhancing hardness, adhesion, and structural integrity and reducing roughness and defects. However, the multi-parameter nature of these processes presents optimization challenges. This review identifies knowledge gaps related to process reproducibility, control of microstructure formation, and long-term performance under service conditions. Recent breakthroughs in combining ESA with high-energy surface treatments are discussed. Future research should focus on systematic parameter optimization, in situ diagnostics, and predictive modeling to enable the design of application-specific hybrid coatings.

Keywords:
electrospark alloying, hybrid technologies, surface plastic deformation, laser treatment, vapor phase deposition, metal–polymer material, coating, structure, properties, roughness, coating quality, sustainable development goals

Abstract:
In response to the specific requirements of the grinding mill industry, a new composite material for mill crushing parts has been developed. This innovative material, which is both cost-effective and environmentally sustainable, is manufactured from industrial waste of high-chromium cast iron (HCCI) reinforced with aluminum oxide (electrocorundum) particles. The HCCI shavings were crushed, sieved, and milled with the addition of 20 wt% of electrocorundum. The HCCI+20%Al2O3 powder mixture was consolidated through the process of hot pressing. By optimizing the process conditions, a composite material was obtained with a remarkably high relative density of 99.84%. Fracture toughness under quasistatic and dynamic loading conditions as well as wear resistance of the HCCI/Al2O3 composite samples were the main material properties investigated in accordance with the intended application. The wear test program included the ball-on-disc test, the linear abrasive test, and the abrasive blasting test. The base HCCI alloy and the HCCI reinforced with uncoated zirconia toughened alumina were used as reference materials. The results from the Taber linear abrasive test and the abrasive blasting test demonstrated the superior wear resistance of the HCCI/Al2O3 composite over the reference materials. However, in the ball-on-disc test, the HCCI/Al₂O₃ composite exhibited a higher degree of wear compared to the reference materials. This effect was found to be attributable to a specific microstructure of the reinforcing phase. The HCCI/Al₂O₃ composite shows promise for industrial applications. However, the hot pressing step requires scaling up to industrial pressing facilities to obtain reasonably sized samples for use in grinding mills.

Keywords:
high-chromium cast iron, iron-alumina composites, powder metallurgy, fracture, wear behavior

Abstract:
This paper describes an ionotronic-based sensor that can detect changes in temperature using a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE)-based transparent electrochemical capacitor (EC). The EC developed using flexible ITO as an active electrode and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)- lithium chloride (LiCl) gel composite-based SPE. The electrochemical performances of the sensors are investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and galvanostatic charging and discharging (GCD) analysis. The EC was fabricated using a freestanding SPE, which exhibits a specific capacitance of 4.19 μF. cm-² at a scan rate of 5 mV. s-1. The direct coating of the SPE on the electrode enhances the specific capacitance and is found to be 18.70 μF.cm-², which is 12 times higher than the EC fabricated using freestanding SPE. When a temperature was applied to the top of the EC with directly coated SPE, we observed a variation in the device’s capacitance due to the change in the mobility of ions of the SPE, which is directly related to the temperature change. The EC exhibits a sensitivity of 0.30 µF/ °C (R2= 0.9694) for the temperature range of -10 to 50 °C. Due to its ionic reaction, the EC demonstrates a high capacitance value in the range of µF in the low frequency range, which shows its potential application in ionotronic-based sensing and as an energy storage for the next generation of wearable devices.

Keywords:
Ionotronic sensor, Temperature monitoring, Transparent electronics, Electrochemical capacitor

Abstract:
Background: Popular science projects provide an opportunity for
students to explore scientific disciplines in a hands-on manner,
potentially influencing their future career choices, particularly in
science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields.
Purpose: The study aims to explore the potential impact of participation in science popularization workshops on high school students’ perception of STEM fields and their interest in pursuing careers in science. It examines students’ attitudes through survey data, including their self-reported interest in STEM disciplines, career aspirations, and reflections on the role of hands-on experience in shaping their educational choices.
Sample: The study involved high school students who participated
in a series of experimental workshops focused on the synthesis of
superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles.
Design and methods: We analyze the relationship between popular
science projects carried out by high school students on the choice of
field of study and further professional path, i.e. their attitude towards
choosing a career path, and participation in workshops popularizing
science into account exact STEM. To achieve this goal, we designed
a series of experiments tailored to high school students.
Results: Students had the opportunity to study the 3D virtual representations of molecular geometry. Seventy-five percent of participants connected their professional path with the field of chemistry, and 35% declared interest in following an academic career.
Conclusion: These findings indicate that science popularization
workshops can significantly influence students’ perceptions of
STEM education and career paths. Engaging in laboratory activities,
collaborative problem-solving, and direct interactions with scientists
fostered a heightened interest in chemistry and related fields.
Based on the Social Cognitive Career Theory, self-efficacy and outcome expectations play a pivotal role in career choices. Our
results support this perspective, as students with positive workshop
experiences were more inclined to consider STEM studies.
Moreover, the hands-on approach bridged the gap between theoretical
learning and real-world scientific applications.

Keywords:
Science popularization,projects popularizing science,chemical education,chemical education,laboratory instructions

Abstract:
Coatings are essential for protecting high-temperature components in aerospace and power generation industries. This study evaluates the integrity of aluminide coatings on MAR-M247, a nickelbased superalloy, under uniaxial tensile loading using acoustic emission (AE). Aluminide coatings, deposited via chemical vapor deposition (CVD), provide oxidation and corrosion resistance but are prone to damage under operational stresses. AE monitoring, a nondestructive evaluation method, detects transient elastic waves associated with damage events such as crack initiation and delamination. By analyzing AE signal characteristics like amplitude and energy, this research identifies acoustic signatures indicative of coating degradation. The findings highlight AE’s potential for real-time damage assessment, enabling early detection and predictive maintenance strategies in high-temperature applications.

Keywords:
coatings,acoustic emission,nickel alloys,non destructive testing

Abstract:
The article highlights the importance of correct treatment of indenter tip when modelling Berkovich nanoindentation. In order to account for tip imperfection, a novel analytical function describing the shape of Berkovich tip has been proposed. The parameters of the constitutive model were calibrated using
experimental stress–strain curves. Simulations of Berkovich indentation with the same set of constitutive model parameters have been then conducted. An agreement between simulated and experimental stress–strain curves as well as load-displacement curves with a single set of constitutive model parameters has been demonstrated. Finally, the role of imperfection size and crystallographic orientation have been discussed.

Keywords:
Berkovich indentation,crystal plasticity,finite element method,modelling nanoindentation,tip imperfection

Keywords:
Polypropylene-waste, Pyrolysis, Montmorillonite, Distillates, Gasoline

Abstract:
This paper studies the interrelationships between the molecular weight, rheology, crystallinity, and tackiness of three types of commercial thermoplastic hot melt adhesives. The hot melt adhesives employed here differ in their compositions and molecular weights, even though all are copolyesters primarily based on poly(butylene terephthalate). Differences in the composition were found to influence the adhesives’ crystallization and melting behavior. These structural variations can translate into different thermal responses and processing characteristics relevant for tailoring adhesive selection to application requirements. Furthermore, adhesives with higher molecular weight were observed to possess larger elasticity, leading to significantly enhanced tackiness properties, as evidenced by the higher values of tensile modulus, peak stress, and work of debonding. This elevated tackiness was linked to the increased fibrillation process observed in polymers with higher molecular weights. Additionally, all tested adhesives exhibited storage moduli below the Dahlquist threshold (G′ < 3.3 × 105 Pa), which supports their ability to achieve measurable tackiness during the initial bonding process. The results presented in this study underscore the diversity among hot melt adhesives and the critical properties that should be considered when selecting adhesives for specific applications.

Keywords:
Hot melt adhesives, copolyester, polybutylene terephthalate, tack properties, rheology, crystallinity

Abstract:
The aim of this work was to investigate the possibility of using the eddy current method, a technique for measuring voltage amplitude and resonant frequency, for non-destructive assessment of the thickness of the near-surface layer of iron nitrides in 42CrMo4 steel after gas nitriding. The scope of the work included preparation of test samples, chemical composition tests, surface roughness measurements, hardness distribution using the Vicker’s method and measurements of the thickness of nitrided layer on cross-sections, X-ray phase composition analysis, testing of nitrided layer using the eddy current method, analysis of the correlation of the results of destructive and non-destructive tests. The main research apparatus was the Wirotest M2 with the 25 kHz measuring head. Differences in electromagnetic parameters between the white layer and the rest of the nitrided material, as well as changes in the surface roughness of the layer, are factors influencing the eddy current signal, which allows indirect measurement of its thickness. The analysis of the voltage amplitude is more accurate, than the resonant frequency, in assessing the thickness of nitrides layer. With the increase in thickness of the nitrides layer, the voltage value of the signal of eddy currents increases. The research results also indicate the possibility of using the same measuring head to assess the roughness parameter Ra of the nitrided layer. The Wirotest M2 can be used in quality control of steel parts after nitriding.

Keywords:
non-destructive testing, eddy currents, gas nitriding, nitrides zone, thickness measurement, voltage amplitude

Abstract:
This dataset presents experimental data on the use of low-cost LiDAR scanners (integrated with iPads and iPhones) to evaluate the deformation of plastic-concrete specimens with fractal-based cross-sections. The specimens were created using 3D printed lost formwork and concrete. The dataset includes mesh models acquired using low-cost LiDAR technology and photogrammetry before and after the loading tests. This allows for the evaluation of geometric deformations and volume changes in specimens of varying cross-sectional complexity.
The measurements were performed in a controlled laboratory environment, where LiDAR-based volume calculations were compared with high-precision photogrammetric reference data. The dataset includes information on scanning conditions, point cloud processing techniques, and measurement errors, providing insight into the accuracy and repeatability of low-cost LiDAR technology in structural assessment.
This dataset is valuable to researchers investigating low-cost metrology, LiDAR-based strain monitoring, and the application of consumer-grade scanning technology in civil engineering and materials science. It enables further analysis of the accuracy of mobile LiDAR for measuring complex geometries and deformations of structures.

Keywords:
Low-cost LiDAR, 3D printing, Point cloud analysis, Fractals, Concrete

Abstract:
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a promising therapeutic compound limited by instability and poor delivery control. This study introduces a novel approach by developing NMN-loaded liposomes and transethosomes coated with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to achieve stable, pH-responsive transdermal delivery, significantly improving bioavailability for clinical applications. Unlike conventional uncoated systems, PVA coating adjusted zeta potentials toward less negative values, enhancing colloidal stability, with liposomes shifting from −19 ± 0.73 mV to −15.6 ± 0.40 mV and transethosomes from −22.3 ± 0.84 to −17.72 ± 0.60 mV, and increases entrapment efficiency (e.g., transethosomes from 68.8% to 71.2%) while maintaining particle uniformity (polydispersity index reduced, e.g., from 0.421 to 0.342). FTIR and differential scanning calorimetry analyses confirmed the structural integrity and thermal stability. Ex-vivo studies demonstrated that PVA-coated formulations uniquely provide delayed, pH-dependent NMN release, contrasting with the rapid release of uncoated transethosomes at physiological pH, with reduced diffusion at pH 5.5 for targeted delivery. This innovative use of PVA-coated nanocarriers offers a transformative platform for controlled drug delivery, addressing critical NMN administration challenges.transdermal delivery, nanocarriers, liposome, transethosome, entrapment efficiency, stability

Keywords:
transdermal delivery, nanocarriers, liposome, transethosome, entrapment efficiency, stability

Keywords:
Thermo-elasticity, Microscale structures, Meshfree technique, Functionally graded composites, Background decomposition method

Keywords:
zagraniczni studenci, korzyści, zagrożenia

Abstract:
In perpetual voting, multiple decisions are made at different moments in time. Taking the history of previous decisions into account allows us to satisfy properties such as proportionality over periods of time. In this paper, we consider the following question: is there a perpetual approval voting method that guarantees that no voter is dissatisfied too many times? We identify a sufficient condition on voter behavior ---which we call 'bounded conflicts' condition---under which a sublinear growth of dissatisfaction is possible. We provide a tight upper bound on the growth of dissatisfaction under bounded conflicts, using techniques from Kolmogorov complexity. We also observe that the approval voting with binary choices mimics the machine learning setting of prediction with expert advice. This allows us to present a voting method with sublinear guarantees on dissatisfaction under bounded conflicts, based on the standard techniques from prediction with expert advice.

Abstract:
Delle Rose et al. (COLT’23) introduced an effective version of the Vapnik-Chervonenkis dimension, and showed that it characterizes improper PAC learning with total computable learners. In this paper, we introduce and study a similar effectivization of the notion of Littlestone dimension. Finite effective Littlestone dimension is a necessary condition for computable online learning but is not a sufficient one—which we already establish for classes of the effective Littlestone dimension 2. However, the effective Littlestone dimension equals the optimal mistake bound for computable learners in two special cases: a) for classes of Littlestone dimension 1 and b) when the learner receives as additional information an upper bound on the numbers to be guessed. Interestingly, a finite effective Littlestone dimension also guarantees that the class consists only of computable functions.

Keywords:
online learning, Littlestone dimension, computability

Abstract:
This paper shows differences in stress-strain behavior of conventional and additively manufactured SS316L. Low-cycle fatigue tests were performed on specimens from both used production technologies. Uniaxial fatigue tests were evaluated to study cyclic stress-strain curve. An interesting result of the study is the possibility of Digital Image Correlation to get cyclic stress-strain curve for maximal peaks in history from a single low-cycle fatigue test performed in strain controlled mode.

Keywords:
SS316L, LPBF, cyclic plasticity, low-cycle fatigue, digital image correlation

Keywords:
HiPIMS magnetron sputtering, pulsed laser deposition, nanocomposite, transition metal borides, silver

Keywords:
HiPIMS magnetron sputtering, DC magnetron sputtering, coatings

Keywords:
Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning; Energy Grid; Battery Energy Storage System

Abstract:
Time-averaged restraints from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements have been implemented in the UNRES coarse-grained model of polypeptide chains in order to develop a tool for data-assisted modeling of the conformational ensembles of multistate proteins, intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and proteins with intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs), many of which are essential in cell biology. A numerically stable variant of molecular dynamics with time-averaged restraints has been introduced, in which the total energy is conserved in sections of a trajectory in microcanonical runs, the bath temperature is maintained in canonical runs, and the time-average-restraint-force components are scaled up with the length of the memory window so that the restraints affect the simulated structures. The new approach restores the conformational ensembles used to generate ensemble-averaged distances, as demonstrated with synthetic restraints. The approach results in a better fitting of the ensemble-averaged interproton distances to those determined experimentally for multistate proteins and proteins with intrinsically disordered regions, which puts it at an advantage over all-atom approaches with regard to the determination of the conformational ensembles of proteins with diffuse structures, owing to a faster and more robust conformational search.