Institute of Fundamental Technological Research
Polish Academy of Sciences

Other

Publications reported by three months

1. Kalita D., Mulewska K., Jóźwik I., Zaborowska A., Gawęda M., Chromiński W., Bochenek K., Rogal Ł., Metastable β-Phase Ti–Nb Alloys Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy: Effect of Nb on Superelasticity and Deformation Behavior, METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE, ISSN: 1073-5623, DOI: 10.1007/s11661-023-07285-5, pp.1-17, 2024nota 8725

Abstract:
This study investigates the effect of Nb concentration on the mechanical properties, superelasticity, as well as deformation behavior of metastable β-phase Ti–Nb alloys produced via powder metallurgy. The alloys were fabricated through mechanical alloying, followed by consolidation using hot pressing. The resulting microstructure comprises fine β-phase grains with TiC carbide precipitates at the grain boundaries. The study reveals non-linear variations in the values of yield strength for the manufactured materials, which were attributed to the occurrence of various deformation mechanisms activated during the loading. It was found that the mechanisms change with the increasing concentration of Nb in the manner: stress-induced martensitic transformation, twinning, slip. However, all these mechanisms were activated at a reduced concentration of Nb compared to the materials obtained by casting technology previously reported in the literature. This is most probably associated with the elevated oxygen content, which affects the stability of the parent β-phase. The study revealed that superelasticity in Ti–Nb-based alloys prepared using powder metallurgy may be achieved by reducing the content of β-stabilizing elements compared to alloys obtained by conventional technologies. In this study, the Ti–14Nb (at. pct) alloy exhibited the best superelasticity, whereas conventionally fabricated Ti–Nb alloys displayed superelasticity at an Nb concentration of approximately 26 at. pct. The developed material exhibited a non-conventional, one-stage yielding behavior, resulting in a superelastic response at significantly higher stresses compared to conventionally fabricated Ti–Nb alloys.

pdf 8725
2. Nwaji N., Juyong G., Mahendra G., Hyojin K., Adewale Hammed P., Abhishek S., Nirpendra S., Jaebeom L., Defect engineered Fe3C@NiCo2S4 trojan nanospike derived from Metal Organic framework as Advanced electrode material for Hybrid supercapacitor., ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, ISSN: 1944-8244, DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04635, Vol.15, No.29, pp.ACS Applied Material Interfaces-34779–34788, 2024nota 8742

Abstract:
The rational synthesis and tailoring of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with multifunctional micro/nanoarchitectures have emerged as a subject of significant academic interest owing to their promising potential for utilization in advanced energy storage devices. Herein, we explored a category of three-dimensional (3D) NiCo2S4 nanospikes that have been integrated into a 1D Fe3C microarchitecture using a chemical surface transformation process. The resulting electrode materials, i.e., Fe3C@NiCo2S4 nanospikes, exhibit immense potential for utilization in high-performance hybrid supercapacitors. The nanospikes exhibit an elevated specific capacity (1894.2 F g-1 at 1 A g-1), enhanced rate capability (59%), and exceptional cycling stability (92.5% with 98.7% Coulombic efficiency) via a charge storage mechanism reminiscent of a battery. The augmented charge storage characteristics are attributed to the collaborative features of the active constituents, amplified availability of active sites inherent in the nanospikes, and the proficient redox chemical reactions of multi-metallic guest species. When using nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers as the anode to fabricate hybrid supercapacitors, the device exhibits high energy and power densities of 62.98 Wh kg-1 and 6834 W kg-1, respectively, and shows excellent long-term cycling stability (95.4% after 5000 cycles), which affirms the significant potential of the proposed design for applications in hybrid supercapacitors. The DFT study showed the strong coupling of the oxygen from the electrolyte OH- with the metal atom of the nanostructures, resulting in high adsorption properties that facilitate the redox reaction kinetics.

Keywords:
defect engineering, Nanospike, advanced electrode, hybrid, MOF, Supercapacitor

no pdf 8742
3. Nwaji N., Hyojin K., Mahendra G., Lemma Teshome T., Juyong G., Abhishek S., Nirpendra S., Jaebeom L., Sulfur vacancy induced Co3S4@CoMo2S4 nanocomposite as functional electrode for high performance supercapacitor, Journal of Materials Chemistry A, ISSN: 2050-7488, DOI: 10.1039/d2ta08820g, Vol.11, pp.Journal of Material Chemistry A-3640-3652, 2024nota 8743

Abstract:
Vacancy engineering offers an attractive approach to improving the surface properties and electronic
structure of transition metal nanomaterials. However, simple and cost-effective methods for introducing
defects into nanomaterials still face great challenges. Herein, we propose a facile room temperature
two-step technique that utilizes Fe as the dopant to enhance S vacancies in cobalt-based metal–organic
frameworks (MOFs). The Fe–Co-MOF was converted into a hollow Fe–Co3S4 confined in CoMo2S4 to
form Fe–Co3S4@CoMo2S4 nanosheets. The as-prepared material showed enhanced charge storage
kinetics and excellent properties as an electrode material for supercapacitors. The obtained
nanostructure displayed a high specific capacitance (980.3 F g−1 at 1 A g−1) and excellent cycling stability
(capacity retention of 96.5% after 6000 cycles at 10 A g−1). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations
show that introducing defects into the nanostructures leads to more electrons appearing near the Fermi
level, which is beneficial for electron transfer during electrochemical processes. Thus, this work provides
a rational cost-effective strategy for introducing defects into transition metal sulfides and may serve as
a potential means to prepare electrode materials for energy storage.

no pdf 8743
4. Pisarski D., Jankowski Ł., Decentralized modular semi-active controller for suppression of vibrations and energy harvesting, JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION, ISSN: 0022-460X, DOI: 10.1016/j.jsv.2024.118339, Vol.577, pp.118339-1-118339-20, 2024nota 8806

Abstract:
The study investigates the problem of decentralized semi-active control of free vibration. The control scheme is designed for implementation in a modular controller architecture, where a collection of subcontrollers is employed, with each subcontroller being associated with a subsystem that represents a component of the vibrating structure. Each subcontroller uses state feedback from adjacent subsystem sensors to perform vibration suppression and energy harvesting using a switching control law. Furthermore, the assumption is made that neighbouring subcontrollers exchange information collaboratively to estimate the effects of coupling forces, achieving control efficiency comparable to that of a centralized approach. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated on a modular suspension platform equipped with semi-active dampers and electromagnetic energy harvesters. The approach is evaluated under various free vibration scenarios, encompassing faulty measurement conditions, and is compared to passive and heuristic state-feedback control strategies. The results confirm that the proposed method attains a superior control performance, independent of the degree of decentralization in the adopted controller architecture, rendering it a viable solution for addressing large-scale semi-active control problems.

Keywords:
Vibration control,Energy harvesting,Adaptive control,Semi-active control,Decentralized controller

pdf 8806
5. Orłowska-Gałęzia A. M., Graczykowski C., Pawłowski P. K., Ruta R., Rimasauskas M., Kuncius T., Majewska K., Mieloszyk M., Characterization of thermal expansion in additively manufactured continuous carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites using fibre Bragg grating sensors, MEASUREMENT, ISSN: 0263-2241, DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2024.114147, Vol.227, pp.114147-1-114147-15, 2024nota 8807

Abstract:
This study investigates thermal strains in fibre reinforced polymeric samples manufactured using a modified Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) method. The investigated material was a composition of polylactic acid (PLA) resin and continuous carbon fibres. Each test sample was equipped with two Bragg grating (FBG) sensors, one embedded inside and the other bonded to the surface. Both sensors monitored temperature-induced deformations
during the conditioning of the specimens in a thermal chamber. Multiscale, analytical and finite element method based models were implemented to quantify the temperature deformations. Research has revealed that in investigated samples, bending occurs due to thermal loading. This can result in an inaccurate estimation of the coefficient of thermal expansion when relying on surface deformation measurements. A proposed solution involves the use of one FBG sensor embedded inside the specimen or two FBG sensors placed symmetrically, capable of measuring axial thermal deformation and averaging the effects associated
with bending.

Keywords:
Continuous Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites, Fibre Bragg gratings, Thermal expansion , Additive manufacturing, Multiscale modelling

no pdf 8807
6. Dobrzański J., Stupkiewicz S., Towards a sharper phase-field method: A hybrid diffuse–semisharp approach for microstructure evolution problems, COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING, ISSN: 0045-7825, DOI: 10.1016/j.cma.2024.116841, Vol.423, No.116841, pp.1-23, 2024nota 8812

Abstract:
A new approach is developed for computational modelling of microstructure evolution problems. The approach combines the phase-field method with the recently-developed laminated element technique (LET) which is a simple and efficient method to model weak discontinuities using non-conforming finite-element meshes. The essence of LET is in treating the elements that are cut by an interface as simple laminates of the two phases, and this idea is here extended to propagating interfaces so that the volume fraction of the phases and the lamination orientation vary accordingly. In the proposed LET-PF approach, the phase-field variable (order parameter), which is governed by an evolution equation of the Ginzburg–Landau type, plays the role of a level-set function that implicitly defines the position of the (sharp) interface. The mechanical equilibrium subproblem is then solved using the semisharp LET technique. Performance of LET-PF is illustrated by numerical examples. In particular, it is shown that, for the problems studied, LET-PF exhibits higher accuracy than the conventional phase-field method so that, for instance, qualitatively correct results can be obtained using a significantly coarser mesh, and thus at a lower computational cost.

Keywords:
Microstructure evolution,Interfaces,Laminate,Phase-field method,Finite element method

no pdf 8812
7. Darban H., Elastostatics of nonuniform miniaturized beams: Explicit solutions through a nonlocal transfer matrix formulation, International Journal of Engineering Science, ISSN: 0020-7225, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2024.104054, Vol.198, No.104054, pp.1-18, 2024nota 8820

Abstract:
A mathematically well-posed nonlocal model is formulated based on the variational approach and the transfer matrix method to investigate the size-dependent elastostatics of nonuniform miniaturized beams. The beams are composed of an arbitrary number of sub-beams with diverse material and geometrical properties, as well as small-scale size dependency. The model adopts a stress-driven nonlocal approach, a well-established framework in the Engineering Science community. The curvature of a sub-beam is defined through an integral convolution, considering the bending moments across all cross-sections of the sub-beam and a kernel function. The governing equations are solved and the deflections are derived in terms of some constants. The formulation uses local and interfacial transfer matrices, incorporating continuity conditions at cross-sections where sub-beams are joined, to define relations between constants in the solution of a generic sub-beam and those of the first sub-beam at the left end. The boundary conditions are then imposed to derive an explicit, closed-form solution for the deflection. The solution significantly simplifies the study of nonuniform beams with multiple sub-beams. The predictions of the model for two limiting cases, namely local nonuniform and nonlocal uniform beams, are in excellent agreement with the available literature data. The flexural behavior of nonuniform miniaturized beams, composed of two to five different sub-beams and subjected to different boundary conditions, is studied. The results are presented and discussed, emphasizing the effects of the material properties, nonlocalities, and lengths of the sub-beams on the deflection. It is demonstrated that the flexural response of nonlocal nonuniform beams is more complex than local counterparts. Unlike the local beams, dividing a nonlocal uniform beam into multiple sub-beams and then reconnecting them changes the overall stiffness of the beam. The study highlights the potential to design nonuniform miniaturized beams with specific configurations to control their flexural response effectively.

Keywords:
Small-scale beam,Transfer matrix method,Multi-material,Size effect,MEMS,NEMS

no pdf 8820
8. Kowalczyk-Gajewska K., Maj M., Bieniek K., Majewski M., Opiela K.C., Zieliński T.G., Cubic elasticity of porous materials produced by additive manufacturing: experimental analyses, numerical and mean-field modelling, ARCHIVES OF CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, ISSN: 1644-9665, DOI: 10.1007/s43452-023-00843-z, Vol.24, pp.34-1-34-22, 2024nota 8722

Abstract:
Although the elastic properties of porous materials depend mainly on the volume fraction of pores, the details of pore distribution within the material representative volume are also important and may be the subject of optimisation. To study their effect, experimental analyses were performed on samples made of a polymer material with a predefined distribution of spherical voids, but with various porosities due to different pore sizes. Three types of pore distribution with cubic symmetry were considered and the results of experimental analyses were confronted with mean-field estimates and numerical calculations. The mean-field ‘cluster’ model is used in which the mutual interactions between each of the two pores in the predefined volume are considered. As a result, the geometry of pore distribution is reflected in the anisotropic effective properties. The samples were produced using a 3D printing technique and tested in the regime of small strain to assess the elastic stiffness. The digital image correlation method was used to measure material response under compression. As a reference, the solid samples were also 3D printed and tested to evaluate the polymer matrix stiffness. The anisotropy of the elastic response of porous samples related to the arrangement of voids was assessed. Young’s moduli measured for the additively manufactured samples complied satisfactorily with modelling predictions for low and moderate pore sizes, while only qualitatively for larger porosities. Thus, the low-cost additive manufacturing techniques may be considered rather as preliminary tools to prototype porous materials and test mean-field approaches, while for the quantitative and detailed model validation, more accurate additive printing techniques should be considered. Research paves the way for using these computationally efficient models in optimising the microstructure of heterogeneous materials and composites.

Keywords:
Pore configuration, Anisotropy, Elasticity, Micro-mechanics, Additive manufacturing

pdf 8722
9. Moazzami Goudarzi Z., Zaszczyńska A., Kowalczyk T., Sajkiewicz P.Ł., Electrospun Antimicrobial Drug Delivery Systems and Hydrogels Used for Wound Dressings, Pharmaceutics, ISSN: 1999-4923, DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010093, Vol.16, No.1, pp.93-1-27, 2024nota 8730

Abstract:
Wounds and chronic wounds can be caused by bacterial infections and lead to discomfort in patients. To solve this problem, scientists are working to create modern wound dressings with antibacterial additives, mainly because traditional materials cannot meet the general requirements for complex wounds and cannot promote wound healing. This demand is met by material engineering, through which we can create electrospun wound dressings. Electrospun wound dressings, as well as those based on hydrogels with incorporated antibacterial compounds, can meet these requirements. This manuscript reviews recent materials used as wound dressings, discussing their formation, application, and functionalization. The focus is on presenting dressings based on electrospun materials and hydrogels. In contrast, recent advancements in wound care have highlighted the potential of thermoresponsive hydrogels as dynamic and antibacterial wound dressings. These hydrogels contain adaptable polymers that offer targeted drug delivery and show promise in managing various wound types while addressing bacterial infections. In this way, the article is intended to serve as a compendium of knowledge for researchers, medical practitioners, and biomaterials engineers, providing up-to-date information on the state of the art, possibilities of innovative solutions, and potential challenges in the area of materials used in dressings.

Keywords:
wound dressings, drug delivery systems, thermoresponsive hydrogels

pdf 8730
10. Haghighat Bayan Mohammad A., Rinoldi C., Rybak D., Zargarian Seyed S., Zakrzewska A., Cegielska O., Põhako-Palu K., Zhang S., Stobnicka-Kupiec A., Górny Rafał L., Nakielski P., Kogermann K., De Sio L., Ding B., Pierini F., Engineering surgical face masks with photothermal and photodynamic plasmonic nanostructures for enhancing filtration and on-demand pathogen eradication, Biomaterials Science, ISSN: 2047-4849, DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01125a, pp.1-15, 2024nota 8736

Abstract:
The shortage of face masks and the lack of antipathogenic functions has been significant since the recent pandemic's inception. Moreover, the disposal of an enormous number of contaminated face masks not only carries a significant environmental impact but also escalates the risk of cross-contamination. This study proposes a strategy to upgrade available surgical masks into antibacterial masks with enhanced particle and bacterial filtration. Plasmonic nanoparticles can provide photodynamic and photothermal functionalities for surgical masks. For this purpose, gold nanorods act as on-demand agents to eliminate pathogens on the surface of the masks upon near-infrared light irradiation. Additionally, the modified masks are furnished with polymer electrospun nanofibrous layers. These electrospun layers can enhance the particle and bacterial filtration efficiency, not at the cost of the pressure drop of the mask. Consequently, fabricating these prototype masks could be a practical approach to upgrading the available masks to alleviate the environmental toll of disposable face masks.

no pdf 8736
11. Loayza-Aguilar Rómulo E., Carhuapoma-Garay J., Ramos-Falla K., Saldaña-Rojas Guillermo B., Huamancondor-Paz Yolanda P., Campoverde-Vigo L., Merino F., Olivos-Ramirez Gustavo E., Epibionts affect the growth and survival of Argopecten purpuratus (Lamarck, 1819) cultivated in Samanco Bay, Peru, Aquaculture, ISSN: 0044-8486, DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.740042, Vol.578, pp.740042-1-10, 2024nota 8737

Abstract:
Argopecten purpuratus, a mollusk very cultivated in Peru, is a species whose ecological relations with respect to the epibionts that colonize it are not well known. For that reason, the objective of this research was to determine the effect of epibionts on valvar growth, total weight, gonad weight, adductor muscle weight, and survival of this cultured species in Samanco Bay. Four lanterns of 2 m and 10 floors were placed with 25 organisms, of 7 cm each, per floor, in two treatments: with epibiont removal (T1) and without removal (T2). The data was obtained after harvest, and the epibiont species on the right and left valves were identified and quantified in T1 and T2. In addition, the Absolute Growth Rate (AGR) was calculated for the meristic records, and the t Student test was applied to compare averages. Furthermore, mortality was recorded at harvest. The analyses allowed the identification of 43 epibiont species, 3 of them endolithic. The greatest biomass is of filter feeders: 70.1% in T1 and 90.9% in T2, and concentrated in 4 species, with limited development in T1. The biomass on the right valve at T1 and T2 represented 80.7 and 151.8% of the weight of the organism, respectively, and on the left valve 89.3 and 95.1%. All Absolute Growth Rates at T1 were higher than at T2, although without statistical significance. Mortality at T1 and T2 was negligible. This research has determined that the epibionts S. patagonicus, C. intestinalis, Hidroydes sp., and B. neritina, qualified as engineered species, are the predominant species on A. purpuratus in suspended cultures. Likewise, treatments with epibiont removal showed a lower development of these and 39 other associated species of lesser importance in terms of number and biomass. Our results allow us to infer that the development of epibionts can generate important stress in A. purpuratus, resulting in losses in the profitability of companies dedicated to this activity.

Keywords:
Argopecten purpuratus, Aquaculture, Epibiosis, Biofouling, Bivalve

no pdf 8737
12. Tauzowski P., Błachowski B., Lógó J., Optimal topologies considering fatigue with reliability constraint, Advances in Engineering Software, ISSN: 0965-9978, DOI: 10.1016/j.advengsoft.2023.103590, Vol.189, pp.1-12, 2024nota 8738

Abstract:
This paper addresses a challenging engineering problem that combines stress-limited topology optimization, reliability analysis, and plasticity-based low-cycle fatigue. Each of these issues represents a complex problem on its own, necessitating significant computational effort. In this study, we propose a novel approach that integrates safety assessment into the topology optimization process while considering the number of cycles for low-cycle fatigue. Our method employs a linear approximation of the performance function for safety control, incorporating the number of failure cycles within a complex, multi-level load program. The methodology is validated through real experiments, using a finite element model with cubic shape functions that yield nearly identical results between numerical and experimental outcomes in the case of fatigue-resistant design for a bi-axially tensioned structural joint.

Keywords:
Topology optimization, stress constraints, Reliability analysis, low-cycle fatigue, fatigueplasticity

no pdf 8738
13. Nwaji N., Juyong G., My‐Chi N., Huu‐Quang N., Hyojin K., Youngeun C., Youngmi K., Hongxia C., Jaebeom L., Emerging potentials of Fe-based nanomaterials for chiral sensing and imaging, Medicinal Research Review, ISSN: 1098-1128, DOI: 10.1002/med.22003, pp.Journal of Medicinal Research-22003, 2024nota 8744

Abstract:
Fe-based nanostructures have possessed promising properties that make it suitable for chiral sensing and imaging applications owing to their ultra-small size, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, excellent photostability, tunable fluorescence, and water solubility. This review summarizes the recent research progress in the field of Fe-based nanostructures and places special emphases on their applications in chiral sensing and imaging. The synthetic strategies to prepare the targeted Fe-based structures were also introduced. The chiral sensing and imaging applications of the nanostructures are discussed in details.

no pdf 8744
14. Pawłowska A., Ćwierz-Pieńkowska A., Domalik A., Jaguś D., Kasprzak P., Matkowski R., Fura , Nowicki A., Żołek N.S., Curated benchmark dataset for ultrasound based breast lesion analysis, Scientific Data, ISSN: 2052-4463, DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-02984-z, Vol.11, No.148, pp.1-13, 2024nota 8782

Abstract:
A new detailed dataset of breast ultrasound scans (BrEaST) containing images of benign and malignant lesions as well as normal tissue examples, is presented. The dataset consists of 256 breast scans collected from 256 patients. Each scan was manually annotated and labeled by a radiologist experienced in breast ultrasound examination. In particular, each tumor was identified in the image using a freehand annotation and labeled according to BIRADS features and lexicon. The histopathological classification of the tumor was also provided for patients who underwent a biopsy.
The BrEaST dataset is the first breast ultrasound dataset containing patient-level labels, image-level annotations, and tumor-level labels with all cases confirmed by follow-up care or core needle biopsy result. To enable research into breast disease detection, tumor segmentation and classification, the BrEaST dataset is made publicly available with the CC-BY 4.0 license.

pdf 8782
15. Rybak D., Rinoldi C., Nakielski P., Du J., Haghighat Bayan Mohammad A., Zargarian Seyed S., Pruchniewski M., Li X., Strojny-Cieślak B., Ding B., Pierini F., Injectable and self-healable nano-architectured hydrogel for NIR-light responsive chemo- and photothermal bacterial eradication, JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY B , ISSN: 2050-7518, DOI: 10.1039/D3TB02693K, pp.1-21, 2024nota 8793

Abstract:
Hydrogels with multifunctional properties activated at specific times have gained significant attention in the biomedical field. As bacterial infections can cause severe complications that negatively impact wound repair, herein, we present the development of a stimuli-responsive, injectable, and in situ-forming hydrogel with antibacterial, self-healing, and drug-delivery properties. In this study, we prepared a Pluronic F-127 (PF127) and sodium alginate (SA)-based hydrogel that can be targeted to a specific tissue via injection. The PF127/SA hydrogel was incorporated with polymeric short-filaments (SFs) containing an anti-inflammatory drug – ketoprofen, and stimuli-responsive polydopamine (PDA) particles. The hydrogel, after injection, could be in situ gelated at the body temperature, showing great in vitro stability and self-healing ability after 4 h of incubation. The SFs and PDA improved the hydrogel injectability and compressive strength. The introduction of PDA significantly accelerated the KET release under near-infrared light exposure and extended its release validity period. The excellent composites’ photo-thermal performance led to antibacterial activity against representative Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, resulting in 99.9% E. coli and S. aureus eradication after 10 min of NIR light irradiation. In vitro, fibroblast L929 cell studies confirmed the materials’ biocompatibility and paved the way toward further in vivo and clinical application of the system for chronic wound treatments.

no pdf 8793
16. Maździarz M., Nosewicz S., Atomistic investigation of deformation and fracture of individual structural components of metal matrix composites, ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS, ISSN: 0013-7944, DOI: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2024.109953, Vol.298, pp.109953-1-109953-21, 2024nota 8803

Abstract:
This paper focuses on the development of the atomistic framework for determining the lower scale mechanical parameters of single components of a metal matrix composite for final application to a micromechanical damage model. Here, the deformation and failure behavior of NiAl–Al2O3 interfaces and their components, metal and ceramic, are analyzed in depth using molecular statics calculations. A number of atomistic simulations of strength tests, uniaxial tensile, uniaxial compressive and simple shear, have been performed in order to obtain a set of stiffness tensors and strain–stress characteristics up to failure for 30 different crystalline and amorphous systems. Characteristic points on the strain–stress curves in the vicinity of failure are further analyzed at the atomistic level, using local measures of lattice disorder. Numerical results are discussed in the context of composite damage at upper microscopic scale based on images of the fracture surface of NiAl–Al2O3 composites.

Keywords:
Metal-matrix composites (MMCs), Fracture, Computational modeling, Mechanical testing, Molecular statics

pdf 8803
17. Nisar F., Rojek J., Nosewicz S., Kaszyca K., Chmielewski M., Evaluation of effective thermal conductivity of sintered porous materials using an improved discrete element model, POWDER TECHNOLOGY, ISSN: 0032-5910, DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2024.119546, Vol.437, pp.119546- , 2024nota 8810

Abstract:
This work aims to revise and apply an original discrete element model (DEM) to evaluate effective thermal conductivity of sintered porous materials. The model, based on two-particle sintering geometry, calculates inter-particle neck using Constant Volume (CV) criterion. The model was validated using experimental measurements on sintered porous NiAl. For DEM simulations, heterogeneous samples with real particle size distribution and different densities were obtained by simulation of hot pressing. Neck size evaluated using Coble’s and CV models were compared to show that commonly used Coble’s model overestimates neck size and conductivity. The proposed model was improved by neck-size correction to compensate for non-physical overlaps at higher densities and by adding grain-boundary resistance to account for porosity within necks. Resistance contribution from grain boundaries was shown to decrease with increasing density. Thermal conductivity obtained from the improved model was close to experimental results, suggesting validity of the model.

Keywords:
Discrete element method,Effective thermal conductivity,Porous materials,Sintering,Heat conduction simulation

no pdf 8810
18. Deshpande S., Bordas S., Lengiewicz J. A., MAgNET: A graph U-Net architecture for mesh-based simulations, Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, ISSN: 0952-1976, DOI: 10.1016/j.engappai.2024.108055, Vol.133 B, No.108055, pp.1-18, 2024nota 8814

Abstract:
In many cutting-edge applications, high-fidelity computational models prove to be too slow for practical use and are therefore replaced by much faster surrogate models. Recently, deep learning techniques have increasingly been utilized to accelerate such predictions. To enable learning on large-dimensional and complex data, specific neural network architectures have been developed, including convolutional and graph neural networks. In this work, we present a novel encoder–decoder geometric deep learning framework called MAgNET, which extends the well-known convolutional neural networks to accommodate arbitrary graph-structured data. MAgNET consists of innovative Multichannel Aggregation (MAg) layers and graph pooling/unpooling layers, forming a graph U-Net architecture that is analogous to convolutional U-Nets. We demonstrate the predictive capabilities of MAgNET in surrogate modeling for non-linear finite element simulations in the mechanics of solids.

Keywords:
Geometric deep learning, Mesh based simulations, Finite element method, Graph U-Net, Surrogate modeling

pdf 8814
19. Fathalian M., Postek E. W., Tahani M., Sadowski T., A Comprehensive Study of Al2O3 Mechanical Behavior Using Density Functional Theory and Molecular Dynamics, Molecules, ISSN: 1420-3049, DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051165, Vol.29, pp.1165-1165-18, 2024nota 8816

Abstract:
This study comprehensively investigates Al2O3’s mechanical properties, focusing on fracture toughness, surface energy, Young’s modulus, and crack propagation. The density functional
theory (DFT) is employed to model the vacancies in Al2O3, providing essential insights into this material’s structural stability and defect formation. The DFT simulations reveal a deep understanding of vacancy-related properties and their impact on mechanical behavior. In conjunction with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the fracture toughness and crack propagation in Al2O3 are explored, offering valuable information on material strength and durability. The surface energy of Al2O3 is also assessed using DFT, shedding light on its interactions with the surrounding environment.
The results of this investigation highlight the significant impact of oxygen vacancies on mechanical characteristics such as ultimate strength and fracture toughness, drawing comparisons with the effects observed in the presence of aluminum vacancies. Additionally, the research underscores the validation of fracture toughness outcomes derived from both DFT and MD simulations, which align well with findings from established experimental studies. Additionally, the research underscores the validation of fracture toughness outcomes derived from DFT and MD simulations, aligning well with findings from established experimental studies. The combination of DFT and MD simulations provides a robust framework for a comprehensive understanding of Al2O3’s mechanical properties, with implications for material science and engineering applications.

Keywords:
Al2O3, fracture toughness, density functional theory, molecular dynamics

pdf 8816
20. Barros G., Andre P., Rojek J., Carter J., Thoeni K., Time domain coupling of the boundary and discrete element methods for 3D problems, COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS, ISSN: 0178-7675, DOI: 10.1007/s00466-024-02455-7, pp.1-19, 2024nota 8824

Abstract:
This paper presents an extension of the authors’ previously developed interface coupling technique for 2D problems to 3D problems. The method combines the strengths of the Discrete Element Method (DEM), known for its adeptness in capturing discontinuities and non-linearities at the microscale, and the Boundary Element Method (BEM), known for its efficiency in modelling wave propagation within infinite domains. The 3D formulation is based on spherical discrete elements and bilinear quadrilateral boundary elements. The innovative coupling methodology overcomes a critical limitation by enabling the representation of discontinuities within infinite domains, a pivotal development for large-scale dynamic problems. The paper systematically addresses challenges, with a focus on interface compatibility, showcasing the method’s accuracy through benchmark validation on a finite rod and infinite spherical cavity. Finally, a model of a column embedded into the ground illustrates the versatility of the approach in handling complex scenarios with multiple domains. This innovative coupling approach represents a significant leap in the integration of DEM and BEM for 3D problems and opens avenues for tackling complex and realistic problems in various scientific and engineering domains.

Keywords:
Interface coupling, Concurrent multi-scale coupling, Boundary element method (BEM), Discrete element method (DEM) , Staggered time integration, Dynamic wave propagation, Infinite domain

no pdf 8824
21. Kucharski S. J., Maj M., Ryś M., Petryk H. M., Size effects in spherical indentation of single crystal copper, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES, ISSN: 0020-7403, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2024.109138, Vol.272, pp.1-15, 2024nota 8826

Keywords:
Hardness, Lattice rotation, Plasticity, Strain Gradient

no pdf 8826
22. Pietrzyk-Thel P., Jain A., Bochenek K., Michalska M., Basista M. A., Szabo T., Nagy P., Wolska A., Klepka M., Flexible, tough and high-performing ionogels for supercapacitor application, Journal of Materiomics, ISSN: 2352-8478, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmat.2024.01.008, pp.1-41, 2024nota 8827

Abstract:
Ionogels are an attractive class of materials for smart and flexible electronics and are prepared from the combination of a polymer and ionic liquid which is entrapped in this matrix. Ionogels provide a continuous conductive phase with high thermal, mechanical, and chemical stability. However, because of the higher percentage of ionic liquids it is difficult to obtain an ionogel with high ionic conductivity and mechanical stability, which are very important from an application point of view. In this work, ionogel films with high flexibility, excellent ionic conductivity, and exceptional stability were prepared using polyvinyl alcohol as the host polymer matrix and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate as the ionic liquid using water as the solvent for energy storage application. The prepared ionogel films exhibited good mechanical stability along with sustaining strain of more than 100% at room temperature and low temperature, the ability to withstand twisting up to 360° and different bending conditions, and excellent ionic conductivity of 5.12 × 10−3 S/cm. The supercapacitor cell fabricated using the optimized ionogel film showed a capacitance of 39.9 F/g with an energy and power densities of 5.5 Wh/kg and 0.3 kW/kg, respectively confirming the suitability of ionogels for supercapacitor application.

Keywords:
Ionic liquid, Gel polymer electrolyte, Ionic conductivity, 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate, Supercapacitors

pdf 8827
23. Kaszyca K., Marcin C., Bucholc B., Błyskun P., Nisar F., Rojek J., Zybała R., Using the Spark Plasma Sintering System for Fabrication of Advanced Semiconductor Materials , Materials, ISSN: 1996-1944, DOI: 10.3390/ma17061422, Vol.17, No.1422, pp.1-15, 2024nota 8832

Abstract:
The interest in the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) technique has continuously increased over the last few years. This article shows the possibility of the development of an SPS device used for material processing and synthesis in both scientific and industrial applications and aims to present manufacturing methods and the versatility of an SPS device, presenting examples of processing Arc-Melted- (half-Heusler, cobalt triantimonide) and Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS)-synthesized semiconductor (bismuth telluride) materials. The SPS system functionality development is presented, the purpose of which was to broaden the knowledge of the nature of SPS processes. This approach enabled the precise design of material sintering processes and also contributed to increasing the repeatability and accuracy of sintering conditions.

Keywords:
spark plasma sintering, arc melting, semiconductor materials, half-Heusler, bismuth telluride, cobalt triantimonide, SHS, SPS

pdf 8832
24. Zieliński T.G., Opiela K.C., Dauchez N., Boutin T., Galland M.-A., Attenborough K., Extremely tortuous sound absorbers with labyrinthine channels in non-porous and microporous solid skeletons, APPLIED ACOUSTICS, ISSN: 0003-682X, DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2023.109816, Vol.217, pp.109816-1-13, 2024nota 8724

Abstract:
An assembly of additively-manufactured modules to form two-dimensional networks of labyrinthine slits results in a sound absorber with extremely high tortuosity and thereby a relatively low frequency quarter wavelength resonance. Fully analytical modelling is developed for the generic design of such composite acoustic panels, allowing rapid exploration of various specific designs. In addition to labyrinthine channels in a non-porous solid skeleton, a case is also considered where the skeleton has microporosity such that its permeability is very much lower than that due to the labyrinthine channels alone. The analytical modelling is verified by numerical calculations, as well as sound absorption measurements performed on several 3D printed samples of modular composite panels. The experimental validation required overcoming the non-trivial difficulties related to additive manufacturing and testing samples of extreme tortuosity. However, due to the two-dimensionality and modularity of the proposed design, such absorbers can possibly be produced without 3D printing by assembling simple, identical modules produced separately. The experimental results fully confirmed the theoretical predictions that significant sound absorption, almost perfect at the peak, can be achieved at relatively low frequencies using very thin panels, especially those with double porosity.

Keywords:
Sound absorption,Extreme tortuosity,Double porosity,Acoustic composites,Additive manufacturing

no pdf 8724
25. Makowska K., Szymczak T., Kowalewski Z.L., Fatigue Behaviour of Medium Carbon Steel Assessed by the Barkhausen Noise Method, ACTA MECHANICA ET AUTOMATICA, ISSN: 1898-4088, DOI: 10.2478/ama-2024-0005, Vol.18, No.1, pp.40-47, 2024nota 8727

Abstract:
In this paper, an attempt to estimate the stage of the fatigue process using the Barkhausen noise method is studied. First, microstructural and static tensile tests were carried out and, subsequently, fatigue tests up to failure were conducted. After determination of the material behaviour in the assumed static and dynamic conditions, the interrupted fatigue tests were performed. Each specimen was stressed up to a different number of cycles corresponding to 10%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% of fatigue lifetime for the loading conditions considered. In the next step of the experimental programme, the specimens were subjected to the Barkhausen magnetic noise measurements. Various magnetic parameters coming from the rms Barkhausen noise envelopes were determined. The linear relationship betweenthe full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the Barkhausen noise envelope and the number of loading cycles to fracture was found. Specimens loaded up to a certain number of cycles were also subjected to a tensile test to assess an influence of fatigue on the fracture features

Keywords:
fatigue, Barkhausen noise, structural steel, fracture, mechanical properties, deformation

no pdf 8727
26. Staszczak M., Urbański L., Cristea M., Ionita D., Pieczyska E.A., Investigation of Shape Memory Polyurethane Properties in Cold Programming Process Towards Its Applications, Polymers, ISSN: 2073-4360, DOI: 10.3390/polym16020219, Vol.16, No.2, pp.219-1-219-20, 2024nota 8732

Abstract:
Thermoresponsive shape memory polymers (SMPs) with the remarkable ability to remember a temporary shape and recover their original one using temperature have been gaining more and more attention in a wide range of applications. Traditionally, SMPs are investigated using a method named often “hot-programming”, since they are heated above their glass transition temperature (Tg) and after that, reshaped and cooled below Tg to achieve and fix the desired configuration. Upon reheating, these materials return to their original shape. However, the heating of SMPs above their Tg during a thermomechanical cycle to trigger a change in their shape creates a temperature gradient within the material structure and causes significant thermal expansion of the polymer sample resulting in a reduction in its shape recovery property. These phenomena, in turn, limit the application fields of SMPs, in which fast actuation, dimensional stability and low thermal expansion coefficient are crucial. This paper aims at a comprehensive experimental investigation of thermoplastic polyurethane shape memory polymer (PU-SMP) using the cold programming approach, in which the deformation of the SMP into the programmed shape is conducted at temperatures below Tg. The PU-SMP glass transition temperature equals approximately 65 ◦C. Structural, mechanical and thermomechanical characterization was performed, and the results on the identification of functional properties of PU-SMPs in quite a large strain range beyond yield limit were obtained. The average shape fixity ratio of the PU-SMP at room temperature programming was found to be approximately 90%, while the average shape fixity ratio at 45 ◦C (Tg − 20 ◦C) was approximately 97%. Whereas, the average shape recovery ratio was 93% at room temperature programming and it was equal to approximately 90% at 45 ◦C. However, the results obtained using the traditional method, the so-called hot programming at 65 ◦C, indicate a higher shape fixity value of 98%, but a lower shape recovery of 90%. Thus, the obtained results confirmed good shape memory properties of the PU-SMPs at a large strain range at various temperatures. Furthermore, the experiments conducted at both temperatures below Tg demonstrated that cold programming can be successfully applied to PU-SMPs with a relatively high Tg. Knowledge of the PU-SMP shape memory and shape fixity properties, estimated without risk of material degradation, caused by heating above Tg, makes them attractive for various applications, e.g., in electronic components, aircraft or aerospace structures.

Keywords:
polyurethane shape memory polymer, cold programming, thermal expansion, shape fixity, shape recovery

pdf 8732
27. Liu L., Sznajder P., Ekiel-Jeżewska M.L., Spectral analysis for elastica dynamics in a shear flow, Physical Review Fluids, ISSN: 2469-990X, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevFluids.9.014101, Vol.9, No.1, pp.014101-1-12, 2024nota 8734

Abstract:
We present the spectral analysis of three-dimensional dynamics of an elastic filament in a shear flow of a viscous fluid at a low Reynolds number in the absence of Brownian motion. The elastica model is used. The fiber initially is almost straight at an arbitrary orientation, with small perpendicular perturbations in the shear plane and out-of-plane. To analyze the stability of both perturbations, equations for the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are derived and solved by the Chebyshev spectral collocation method. It is shown that their crucial features are the same as in the case of the two-dimensional elastica dynamics in shear flow [Becker and Shelley, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 198301 (2001)] and the three-dimensional elastica dynamics in the compressional flow [Chakrabarti et al., Nat. Phys. 16, 689 (2020)]. We find a similar dependence of the buckled shapes on the ratio of bending to hydrodynamic forces as in the simulations for elastic fibers of a nonzero thickness [Słowicka et al., New J. Phys. 24, 013013 (2022)].

pdf 8734
28. Kopeć M., Gunputh U., Macek W., Kowalewski Z.L., Wood P., Orientation effects on the fracture behaviour of additively manufactured stainless steel 316L subjected to high cyclic fatigue, Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, ISSN: 0167-8442, DOI: 10.1016/j.tafmec.2024.104287, pp.1-20, 2024nota 8740

Abstract:
In this paper, stainless steel 316L (SS316L) bars were additively manufactured (AM) in three orientations (Z – vertical, XY – horizontal, ZX45 – midway between vertical and horizontal) by using the Laser Powder Bed Fusion Melting (LPBF-M) method. The AM specimens were subjected to load control fatigue testing under full tension and compression (R = -1) at stress amplitudes ±350, ±400 and ±450 MPa. The XY and ZX45 printing orientations were found to significantly improve service life. Although similar strain response was found for each orientation when the same stress amplitude was applied, slightly different fracture mechanisms were identified during the post-mortem surface observations.

Keywords:
SS316L,stainless steel,fatigue,additive manufacturing,Laser Powder Bed Fusion Melting (LPBF-M)

no pdf 8740
29. Zhang Y., Nwaji N., Wu L., Jin m., Zhou G., Giersig M., Wang X., Qiu T., Akinoglu E.M., MAPbBr3/Bi2WO6 Z-scheme-Heterojunction Photocatalysts for photocatalytic CO2 reduction, JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE, ISSN: 0022-2461, DOI: 10.1007/s10853-023-09220-w, Vol.59, pp.Journal of Material Science-1498-1512, 2024nota 8741

Abstract:
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction has emerged as a promising strategy for converting solar energy into valuable chemicals, capturing the attention of scientists across various disciplines. Organic and inorganic perovskites, particularly methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3), have demonstrated potential in this field due to their remarkable visible-light response and carrier transport properties. However, the catalytic performance of pristine MAPbBr3 has been limited by severe charge recombination, hindering its applicability in photocatalytic systems. Here, we show that a MAPbBr3/Bi2WO6 (MA/BWO) heterojunction significantly enhances photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance compared to individual pristine MA or BWO. This enhancement is evidenced by the superior performance of the 25% MA/BWO composite, which exhibits CO and CH4 release rates of 1.82 μmol/g/h and 0.08 μmol/g/h, respectively. This improvement is attributed to the direct Z-scheme heterojunction formed between MAPbBr3 and Bi2WO6, which facilitates efficient charge separation and suppresses charge recombination. The results challenge the previous understanding of MAPbBr3-based photocatalysts and demonstrate a novel approach for developing highly active organic and inorganic perovskite photocatalysts. The successful application of the MA/BWO heterojunction in photocatalytic CO2 reduction expands the scope of organic and inorganic perovskites in the field of renewable energy conversion. By providing a broader perspective, our findings contribute to the ongoing efforts towards sustainable energy solutions, appealing

no pdf 8741
30. Kupikowska-Stobba B., Domagała J.Z., Kasprzak M., Critical Review of Techniques for Food Emulsion Characterization, Applied Sciences, ISSN: 2076-3417, DOI: 10.3390/app14031069 , Vol.14, No.3, pp.1069--, 2024pdf 8774
31. Dyniewicz B., Shillor M., Bajer C.I., An extended 2D Gao beam model, MECCANICA, ISSN: 0025-6455, DOI: 10.1007/s11012-023-01745-3, Vol.59, pp.169-181, 2024nota 8792

Abstract:
This work derives and simulates a two-dimensional extension of the nonlinear Gao beam, by adding the cross-sectional shear variable, similarly to the extension of the usual Bernoulli-Euler beam into the Timoshenko beam. The model allows for oscillatory motion about a buckled state, as well as adds vertical shear of the cross sections, thus reflecting better nonlinear thick beams. The static model is derived from the principle of virtual elastic energy, and is in the form of a highly nonlinear coupled system for the beams transverse vibrations and the motion of the cross sections. The model allows for general distributive transversal and longitudinal loads and a compressive horizontal load acting on its edges.

The model is simulated numerically, using the dynamic version for better insight into the steady solutions. The terms that distinguish our numerical solutions from the solutions of the Gao beam, described in the literature, are highlighted. The numerical scheme and its characteristic finite element matrices allow us to obtain simulation results that demonstrate the type of vibrations of our extended and modified beam, and also the differences between these solutions and those of the Gao beam model.

Keywords:
Gao beam, nonlinear vibration,

pdf 8792
32. Rudnicka Z., Pręgowska A., Glądys K., Perkins M., Proniewska K., Advancements in artificial intelligence-driven techniques for interventional cardiology, Cardiology Journal, ISSN: 1897-5593, DOI: 10.5603/cj.98650, pp.1-31, 2024nota 8794

Abstract:
This paper aims to thoroughly discuss the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on clinical practice in interventional cardiology (IC) with special recognition of its most recent advancements. Thus, recent years have been exceptionally abundant in advancements in computational tools, including the development of AI. The application of AI development is currently in its early stages, nevertheless new technologies have proven to be a promising concept, particularly considering IC showing great impact on patient safety, risk stratification and outcomes during the whole therapeutic process. The primary goal is to achieve the integration of multiple cardiac imaging modalities, establish online decision support systems and platforms based on augmented and/or virtual realities, and finally to create automatic medical systems, providing electronic health data on patients. In a simplified way, two main areas of AI utilization in IC may be distinguished, namely, virtual and physical. Consequently, numerous studies have provided data regarding AI utilization in terms of automated interpretation and analysis from various cardiac modalities, including electrocardiogram, echocardiography, angiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography as well as data collected during robotic-assisted percutaneous coronary intervention procedures. Thus, this paper aims to thoroughly discuss the impact of AI on clinical practice in IC with special recognition of its most recent advancements.

Keywords:
artificial intelligence (AI), interventional cardiology (IC), cardiac modalities, augmented and/or virtual realities, automatic medical systems

pdf 8794
33. Nwaji N., Getasew Mulualem Z., Juyong G., Hyojin K., Lemma Tushome T., Yujin C., Mahedra G., Hyeyoung S., Jaebeom L., Dimeric NiCo single-atom anchored on ultrathin N-doped 2D molybdenum carbide boosted performance in solid-state supercapacitor, Journal of Energy Storage, ISSN: 2352-152X, DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2024.110671, Vol.83, pp.Journal of Energy Storage-110671, 2024nota 8796

Abstract:
Tuning the electronic structure of single-atom catalysts through dimeric single-atom formation could be an innovative approach to increasing their energy storage activity, but the process of achieving this is challenging. In this study, we designed a simple technique to obtain Nisingle bondCo single atom dimers (SADs) anchored on N-doped molybdenum carbide (N-Mo2C) through in-situ encapsulation of Nisingle bondCo into molybdenum polydopamine, followed by annealing with optimal tuning of nitrogen dopant. The Nisingle bondCo atomic level coordination was confirmed with X-ray absorption spectroscopy. When used as energy storage supercapacitor, The NiCo-SADs showed enhanced specific capacity (1004.8 F g−1 at 1 A g−1), enhanced rate capability (75 %), and exceptional cycling stability (93.6 % with 98.5 % coulombic efficiency) via a dominant capacitive charge storage. The augmented charge storage characteristics are attributed to the collaborative features of the active Nisingle bondCo constituents acting as electron reservoir for effective adsorption of HO− ion during the electrochemical process. The DFT study showed thermodynamically favorable OH− adsorption between the three metal bridges that promoted redox reaction kinetics and enhanced conductivity for the NiCo-SADs. When using N-Mo2C as the anode to fabricate hybrid supercapacitors, the device exhibits high energy density of 69.69 Wh kg−1 at power density of 8200 W kg−1, respectively and shows excellent long-term cycling stability (93.42 % after 3000 cycles), which affirms the potential of the assembled device for applications in solid state supercapacitors.

no pdf 8796
34. Rudnicka Z., Szczepański J., Pręgowska A., Artificial Intelligence-Based Algorithms in Medical Image Scan Segmentation and Intelligent Visual Content Generation—A Concise Overview, Electronics , ISSN: 2079-9292, DOI: 10.3390/electronics13040746, Vol.13, No.4, pp.1-35, 2024nota 8798

Abstract:
Recently, artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithms have revolutionized the medical image segmentation processes. Thus, the precise segmentation of organs and their lesions may contribute to an efficient diagnostics process and a more effective selection of targeted therapies, as well as increasing the effectiveness of the training process. In this context, AI may contribute to the automatization of the image scan segmentation process and increase the quality of the resulting 3D objects, which may lead to the generation of more realistic virtual objects. In this paper, we focus on the AI-based solutions applied in medical image scan segmentation and intelligent visual content generation, i.e., computer-generated three-dimensional (3D) images in the context of extended reality (XR). We consider different types of neural networks used with a special emphasis on the learning rules applied, taking into account algorithm accuracy and performance, as well as open data availability. This paper attempts to summarize the current development of AI-based segmentation methods in medical imaging and intelligent visual content generation that are applied in XR. It concludes with possible developments and open challenges in AI applications in extended reality-based solutions. Finally, future lines of research and development directions of artificial intelligence applications, both in medical image segmentation and extended reality-based medical solutions, are discussed.

Keywords:
artificial intelligence, extended reality, medical image scan segmentation

pdf 8798
35. Zaszczyńska A., Kołbuk-Konieczny D., Gradys A. D., Sajkiewicz P. Ł., Development of Poly(methyl methacrylate)/nano-hydroxyapatite (PMMA/nHA) Nanofibers for Tissue Engineering Regeneration Using an Electrospinning Technique, Polymers, ISSN: 2073-4360, DOI: 10.3390/polym16040531, Vol.16, No.4, pp.531-1-19, 2024nota 8805

Abstract:
The study explores the in vitro biocompatibility and osteoconductivity of poly(methyl methacrylate)/nano-hydroxyapatite (PMMA/nHA) composite nanofibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (BTE). Electrospun scaffolds, exhibiting both low and high fiber orientation, were investigated. The inclusion of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles enhances the osteoconductivity of the scaffolds while maintaining the ease of fabrication through electrospinning. SEM analysis confirms the high-quality morphology of the scaffolds, with successful incorporation of nHA evidenced by SEM-EDS and FTIR methods. DSC analysis indicates that nHA addition increases the PMMA glass transition temperature (Tg) and reduces stress relaxation during electrospinning. Furthermore, higher fiber orientation affects PMMA Tg and stress relaxation differently. Biological studies demonstrate the composite material’s non-toxicity, excellent osteoblast viability, attachment, spreading, and proliferation. Overall, PMMA/nHA composite scaffolds show promise for BTE applications.

Keywords:
biomaterials, nanofibrous scaffolds, bone tissue engineering

pdf 8805
36. Lisowski P., Glinicki M.A., Novel Processing Methods of Low-Clinker Multi-Component Cementitious Materials—A Review, Applied Sciences, ISSN: 2076-3417, DOI: 10.3390/app14020899, Vol.14(2), No.899, pp.1-28, 2024nota 8808

Abstract:
The wide use of multi-component cement of highly reduced Portland clinker factor is largely impeded by detrimental changes in the rheological properties of concrete mixes, a substantial reduction in the early rate of cement hardening, and sometimes the insufficient strength of mature concrete. Therefore, major changes are needed in traditional concrete-production technologies if low-clinker cement is to gain wider acceptance. This review’s goal is to summarize the impacts of using non-ionizing radiation methods to improve the dispersion of concrete mix constituents, cement setting, and early hardening. The potential impacts of such interactions on the permeability and strength of concrete are also highlighted and investigated. Their intriguing potential for delivering additional energy to cementitious mixtures is analyzed for batch water, solid non-clinker constituents of cement (mainly supplementary cementitious materials), and their mixtures with aggregates. The advantages of adopting these non-traditional methods are found to be highly alluring to the greener preparation techniques used in the construction materials sector.

Keywords:
concrete mixing technology,early-age properties,low-clinker multi-component cement,magnetized water,microwave treatment,non-clinker constituents,ultrasound treatment

pdf 8808
37. Rudnicka Z., Proniewska K., Perkins M., Pręgowska A., Cardiac Healthcare Digital Twins Supported by Artificial Intelligence-Based Algorithms and Extended Reality—A Systematic Review , Electronics , ISSN: 2079-9292, DOI: 10.3390/electronics13050866, Vol.13, No.5, pp.1-35, 2024nota 8813

Abstract:
Recently, significant efforts have been made to create Health Digital Twins (HDTs), Digital Twins for clinical applications. Heart modeling is one of the fastest-growing fields, which favors the effective application of HDTs. The clinical application of HDTs will be increasingly widespread in the future of healthcare services and has huge potential to form part of mainstream medicine. However, it requires the development of both models and algorithms for the analysis of medical data, and advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based algorithms have already revolutionized image segmentation processes. Precise segmentation of lesions may contribute to an efficient diagnostics process and a more effective selection of targeted therapy. In this systematic review, a brief overview of recent achievements in HDT technologies in the field of cardiology, including interventional cardiology, was conducted. HDTs were studied taking into account the application of Extended Reality (XR) and AI, as well as data security, technical risks, and ethics-related issues. Special emphasis was put on automatic segmentation issues. In this study, 253 literature sources were taken into account. It appears that improvements in data processing will focus on automatic segmentation of medical imaging in addition to three-dimensional (3D) pictures to reconstruct the anatomy of the heart and torso that can be displayed in XR-based devices. This will contribute to the development of effective heart diagnostics. The combination of AI, XR, and an HDT-based solution will help to avoid technical errors and serve as a universal methodology in the development of personalized cardiology. Additionally, we describe potential applications, limitations, and further research directions.

Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence,Machine Learning,Metaverse,Virtual Reality,Extended Reality,Augmented Reality,Digital Twin,Health Digital Twin,personalized medicine,cardiology

pdf 8813
38. Pawłowska S., Cysewska K., Ziai Y., Karczewski J., Jasiński P., Molin S., Influence of conductive carbon and MnCo2O4 on morphological and electrical properties of hydrogels for electrochemical energy conversion, Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, ISSN: 2190-4286, DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.6, pp.57-70, 2024nota 8815

Keywords:
electrical properties, energy, hydrogel, hydrogen, oxygen evolution reaction, polymer composites

pdf 8815
39. Entezari E., Velazquez J., Lopez D., Zuniga M., Mousavisogolitappeh H., Davani R., Szpunar J., An experimental and statistical study on the characteristics of non-metallic inclusions that serve as hydrogen-induced crack nucleation sites in pipeline steel, Engineering Failure Analysis, ISSN: 1350-6307, DOI: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2023.107695, Vol.154, No.107695, pp.1-15, 2024nota 8822

Abstract:
This study consists of a statistical study to identify spatial distribution parameters of non-metallic inclusions (NMIs) at hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) nucleation sites in both low-strength and high-strength steel pipes. The electrochemical cathodic charging method was used to induce HIC in pipeline steel plates, and the nucleation of the HIC was monitored using straight beam ultrasonic testing. Optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to evaluate the shape, size, area fraction, and separation distance of NMIs. The hydrogen microprint technique (HMT), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis, and finite element (FE) stress analysis were performed to characterize HIC nucleation sites. The findings showed that cubical and spinal NMIs, characterized by strong hydrogen trapping capacity due to high misfit strain and von Mises stress, are favored sites for HIC nucleation. The main finding of this study is that the shape and sharpness of NMIs are the factors that determine when NMIs will be a HIC nucleation site, rather than size, as generally accepted.

Keywords:
Hydrogen-induced cracking, Statistical study, Non-metallic inclusions, Hydrogen microprint technique, Finite element stress analysis

no pdf 8822
40. Dąbrowski M., Brachaczek A., Bogusz K., Glinicki M.A., Experimental assessment of appropriate time for aggregate exposure at the surface of cement concrete pavement, International Journal of Pavement Engineering, ISSN: 1029-8436, DOI: 10.1080/10298436.2024.2318607, Vol.25, No.1, pp.1-12, 2024nota 8829

Abstract:
Exposed aggregate concrete (EAC) pavement is a commonly employed technology in Europe for the construction of highways. The technical challenges associated with pavement construction include achieving both a comfortable ride and the desired skid resistance, while ensuring the long-term concrete durability. Maintaining uniformity of concrete mix, precise dosing of retarding agents, optimal selection of brushing time, and ensuring adequate curing conditions are identified as critical factors for achieving the designed ride performance. This study is focused on determining the appropriate time for the brushing operation, conducted to expose aggregate grains at the surface of the pavement. Laboratory tests were performed on concrete mixes designed to replicate job mixes for the upper layer of a two-layer concrete pavement. Measurements of the mass of evaporated water from the cement paste, isothermal calorimetry tests, and modified Vicat tests were employed to predict the appropriate brushing time. The texture depth was determined using a laser profiler as a function of brushing time. Compressive strength, the rate of chloride ion migration, and scaling resistance were determined through tests conducted on specimens cut from exposed aggregate slabs. Results revealed the suitability of the developed test method for determining the appropriate time for brushing EAC pavements.

Keywords:
cement setting, exposed aggregate concrete, macrotexture, pavement durability, surface retarder, texturing technology

no pdf 8829
41. Bandzerewicz A., Howis J., Wierzchowski K., Miroslav S., Jiri H., Denis P., Gołofit T., Pilarek M., Gadomska-Gajadhur A., Exploring the application of poly(1,2-ethanediol citrate)/polylactide nonwovens in cell culturing, Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, ISSN: 2296-4185, DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1332290, Vol.12, pp.1-13, 2024nota 8831

Abstract:
Biomaterials containing citric acid as a building unit show potential for use as blood vessel and skin tissue substitutes. The success in commercializing implants containing a polymer matrix of poly(1,8-octanediol citrate) provides a rationale for exploring polycitrates based on other diols. Changing the aliphatic chain length of the diol allows functional design strategies to control the implant’s mechanical properties, degradation profile and surface energy. In the present work, poly(1,2-ethanediol citrate) was synthesized and used as an additive to polylactide in the electrospinning process. It was established that the content of polycitrate greatly influences the nonwovens’ properties: an equal mass ratio of polymers resulted in the best morphology. The obtained nonwovens were characterized by surface hydrophilicity, tensile strength, and thermal properties. L929 cell cultures were carried out on their surface. The materials were found to be non-cytotoxic and the degree of porosity was suitable for cell colonization. On the basis of the most important parameters for assessing the condition of cultured cells (cell density and viability, cell metabolic activity and lactate dehydrogenase activity), the potential of PLLA + PECit nonwovens for application in tissue engineering was established.

pdf 8831
42. Paprocki B., Pręgowska A., Szczepański J., Does Adding of Neurons to the Network Layer Lead to Increased Transmission Efficiency?, IEEE Access, ISSN: 2169-3536, DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3379324, Vol.12, pp. 42701-42709, 2024nota 8833

Abstract:
The aim of this study is to contribute to the important question in Neuroscience of whether the number of neurons in a given layer of a network affects transmission efficiency. Mutual Information, as defined by Shannon, between the input and output signals for certain classes of networks is analyzed theoretically and numerically. A Levy-Baxter probabilistic neural model is applied. This model includes all important qualitative mechanisms involved in the transmission process in the brain. We derived analytical formulas for the Mutual Information of input signals coming from Information Sources as Bernoulli processes. These formulas depend on the parameters of the Information Source, neurons and network. Numerical simulations were performed using these equations. It turned out, that the Mutual Information starting from a certain value increased very slowly with the number of neurons being added. The increase is of the rate m_{−c} where m is the number of neurons in the transmission layer, and c is very small. The calculations also show that for a practical number (up to 15000) of neurons, the Mutual Information reaches only approximately half of the information that is carried out by the input signal. The influence of noise on the transmission efficiency depending on the number of neurons was also analyzed. It turned out that the noise level at which transmission is optimal increases significantly with this number. Our results indicate that a large number of neurons in the network does not mean an essential improvement in transmission efficiency, but can contribute to reliability.

Keywords:
Shannon communication theory,neural network,network layer,transmission efficiency,mutual information,model of neuron,spike trains,information source,entropy

pdf 8833
43. Zabojszcza P., Radoń U., Tauzowski P., Robust Optimization of the Steel Single Story Frame, Acta Polytechnica Hungarica, ISSN: 1785-8860, DOI: 10.12700/APH.21.1.2024.1.2, Vol.21, No.1, pp.9-29, 2024nota 8728

Abstract:
In contemporary design practices, building structures are expected to not only meet safety requirements but also be optimized. However, optimal designs can be highly sensitive to random variations in model parameters and external actions. Solutions that appear effective under nominal conditions may prove inadequate when parameter randomness is considered. To address this challenge, the concept of robust optimization has been introduced, which extends deterministic optimization formulations to incorporate the random variability of parameter values. In this study, we demonstrate the applicability of robust optimization in the design of building structures using a simple orthogonal frame as an example. The static-strength analysis is conducted based on the displacement method, utilizing second-order theory. To assess the safety level of the steel frame, a preliminary evaluation is performed by determining the reliability index and failure probability using the Monte Carlo Method. Robust optimization is then employed, leveraging the second-order response surface. Experimental designs are generated following an optimal Latin hypercube plan. The proposal of a mathematical-numerical algorithm for solving the optimization problem while considering the random nature of design parameters constitutes the innovative aspect of this research.

Keywords:
reliability, robust optimization, second order theory, displacement method

pdf 8728
44. Nazish J., Sohail M., Mahmood A., Shah Syed A., Qalawlus Aya Hamid M., Khaliq T., Nanocrystals loaded collagen/alginate-based injectable hydrogels: A promising biomaterial for bioavailability improvement of hydrophobic drugs, Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, ISSN: 1773-2247, DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.105291, Vol.91, pp.105291-1-16, 2024nota 8735

Abstract:
The study aims to improve the solubility of poorly soluble drug by developing an optimized formulation of nanocrystals and extend its release profile by incorporating optimized nanocrystals in a biopolymer based injectable hydrogel. Nanocrystals of Silymarin (SM) were developed by anti-solvent precipitation technique followed by homogenization. Various stabilizers were investigated and combination of polyvinyl pyrrolidine K30 (PVP K30) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) in a specific ratio was chosen as a stabilizer for nanocrystals. The optimized nanocrystals possessed mean particle size 172 ± 5.23 nm and PDI of 0.228 ± 0.02. Sodium alginate (Alg) and collagen (Col) based injectable hydrogel in combination with pluronic F127 showed good biocompatibility, mechanical strength and biodegradability. The developed formulation was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results of FT-IR and TGA showed structural cross-linking between polymers and promising thermal stability of formulation with increasing temperature, respectively. The nanocrystals loaded Alg-Col-F127 injectable hydrogel was degraded completely in 48 h. The results of in vitro release studies and in vivo pharmacokinetic profiling of silymarin nanocrystals laden Alg-Col-F127 injectable hydrogel exhibited controlled release behavior as compared to coarse silymarin suspension and silymarin nanocrystals. Therefore, nanosuspension integrated biopolymer-based hybrid injectable hydrogel system may be used to assist solubility and bioavailability enhancement as well as serve as platform to provide controlled drug release.

Keywords:
Nanocrystals, Injectable hydrogel, Hydrophobic drug, Solubility, Bioavailability

no pdf 8735
45. Refilwe M., Nwaji N., Muthumuni M., Zhi-Long C., Tebello N., Photodynamic therapy characteristics of phthalocyanines in the presence of boron doped detonation nanodiamonds: Effect of symmetry and charge, Phothodygnosis, ISSN: 1873-1597, DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102705, Vol.37, pp.Photodygnosis and photodynamic therapy-102705, 2024nota 8749

Abstract:
he synthesis, photophysicochemical and photodynamic therapy (PDT) activities of benzothiazole substituted zinc phthalocyanine (Pc): 1 (asymmetrically substituted and composed of no charges), 2 (asymmetrically substituted and composed of three positive charges), and 3 (symmetrically substituted and composed of four positive charges), are presented. The triplet and singlet oxygen quantum yields were highest for complex 2 showing the importance of asymmetry and charge. The complexes are covalently and non-covalently linked to B doped detonation nanodiamonds (B@DNDs) to yield nanohybrids (B@DNDs-1, B@DNDs-2, B@DNDs-3). The presence of B@DNDs, asymmetry and positive charge resulted in improved PDT with the lowest cell viability being observed for B@DNDs-2 at 5%. The cell viability ranged from 5% to 7% for the nanohybrids compared to 19–26% for Pcs alone.

no pdf 8749
46. Grigoryan N., Chudziński P., Role of electron-electron interactions in electron emission from nanotube materials, PHYSICAL REVIEW MATERIALS, ISSN: 2475-9953, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.8.016003, Vol.8, pp.1-16, 2024nota 8795

Abstract:
Nanotubes and nanorods have been recently established as very good materials to work as electron sources in a field emission (FE) process. These are one-dimensional materials and electron-electron interactions are expected to play a crucial role in their physics. Here we study the influence of electron-electron interactions on the field emission. We study the problem in the low energy regime; thus we need to abandon the antiadiabatic approximation and derive tunneling amplitude for a finite duration of the tunneling process. In this work we identified the parameters when exact analytic expression for tunneling current can be given. We obtained formalism that enables one to capture at the same time the collective effects due to electron-electron interactions and thermionic emission. Our results reveal that different types of nanotubes, and their minigap/compressibility parameters, can be easily distinguished based on FE measurements on these materials.

pdf 8795
47. Tabin J., Brodecki A., Parametrisation of Uniform Deformation in Ductile Metals Using Digital Image Correlation Technology, EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES, ISSN: 0732-8818, DOI: 10.1007/s40799-024-00704-1, pp.1-12, 2024nota 8809

Abstract:
This paper presents a novel measurement method that aims to qualitatively and quantitatively assess uniform deformation during displacement- and force-controlled tensile tests of ductile metals. The method utilizes digital image correlation technology to record the strain distribution during tensile testing, followed by the calculation of the floating root mean square (RMS) value of the strain amplitude along the specimen axis. By implementing this approach, the RMS-based profiles of strain amplitude are identified in different metals and alloys, including austenitic stainless steels, structural steel, copper, and aluminium alloys. Moreover, the proposed method holds potential for predicting important deformation characteristics such as distribution of intensive plastic zones, necking effect, and delocalization effect. Thus, it establishes a link between macroscale and microscale during the analysis of plastic deformation behaviour. The effectiveness of the new method is compared with existing strain and strain-rate methods. The novel approach demonstrates promising advantages in the context of the identification of metal-forming parameters.

Keywords:
Digital image correlation, Root mean square, Uniform strain distribution, Strain delocalization, Necking effect

no pdf 8809
48. Cofas Vargas L.F., Azevedo Rodrigo M., Poblete S., Chwastyk M., Poma Bernaola A.M., The GōMartini Approach: Revisiting the Concept of Contact Maps and the Modelling of Protein Complexes, ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A, ISSN: 0587-4246, DOI: 10.12693/APhysPolA.145.S9, Vol.145, No.3, pp.S9-S20, 2024nota 8819

Abstract:
We present a review of a series of contact maps for the determination of native interactions in proteins and nucleic acids based on a distance threshold. Such contact maps are mostly based on physical and chemical construction, and yet they are sensitive to some parameters (e.g., distances or atomic radii) and can neglect some key interactions. Furthermore, we also comment on a new class of contact maps that only requires geometric arguments. The contact map is a necessary ingredient to build a robust Gō-Martini model for proteins and their complexes in the Martini 3 force field. We present the extension of a popular structure-based Gō--like approach to the study of protein–sugar complexes, and the limitations of this approach are also discussed. The Gō-Martini approach was first introduced by Poma et al. (J. Chem. Theory Comput. 13, 1366 (2017)) in Martini 2 force field, and recently, it has gained the status of gold standard for protein simulation undergoing conformational changes in Martini 3 force field. We discuss several studies that have provided support for this approach in the context of the biophysical community.

Keywords:
Martini 3,Structure-based coarse-graining,SMFS,biomolecules,GoMartini

pdf 8819
49. Mousavisogolitappeh H., Amini C., Efficient homogenization of honeycomb sandwich panels using orthotropic core simplification and Finite Element-based method: A comparative study, Journal of Composite Materials, ISSN: 0021-9983, DOI: 10.1177/002199832412404, pp.1-13, 2024nota 8821

Abstract:
Composite materials, particularly honeycomb composites, are widely utilized in various industries, including aerospace, due to their high energy absorption against the impact and exceptional strength-to-weight ratio. This study aims to leverage the plastic and elastic properties of these materials to develop a simplified numerical model that incorporates orthotropic properties for core modeling. By doing so, the need for detailed honeycomb structure modeling is eliminated, resulting in reduced computational costs and time. A comprehensive three-dimensional finite element model, accounting for structural intricacies, is presented based on experimental data from a reputable source (isotropic model) and its equivalent finite element model (orthotropic model). The model is validated by the experimental results, demonstrating good agreement. The study also investigates parameters such as energy absorption, the internal energy of the core and faces, maximum displacement, and maximum contact force under low-velocity impact scenarios with spherical and cylindrical projectiles. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the orthotropic model, particularly in showcasing greater energy absorption in the core of the sandwich panel when subjected to a cylindrical impactor.

Keywords:
honeycomb, sandwich panel, homogenization, finite element analysis, impact

no pdf 8821
50. Jain A., Michalska M., Enhanced electrochemical properties of multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified with silver nanoparticles for energy storage application, MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, ISSN: 0254-0584, DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.129200, Vol.317, No.129200, pp.1-9, 2024nota 8828

Abstract:
This work reports an easy, straightforward, and cost-effective method to synthesize a composite material using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) for application as an electrode in supercapacitors. The objective of this work was to enhance the charge transfer mechanism in supercapacitor cells by introducing the conductive particles in the MWCNT framework. The pivotal studies, like scanning (SEM), and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy confirmed the formation of the composite as well as a successful deposition of Ag NPs on MWCNT. The surface area of the composite was evaluated by using the N2 adsorption-desorption studies and it was found to be of the order of 358 m2 g−1. Electrochemical studies were performed using a two-electrode system. Magnesium ion-based polymer gel electrolyte was used as an electrolyte material. The single electrode-specific capacitance was observed to be ∼31.9 F g−1 with power density and energy density values of ∼4.4 kW kg−1 and 1.2 Wh kg−1, respectively, at a current density of 0.46 A g−1. The cell was stable up to ∼5000 charge-discharge cycles with ∼96% of capacitance retention at the end of 5000 cycles.

Keywords:
Supercapacitor, Gel polymer electrolyte, MWCNTs

no pdf 8828
51. Olusegun S., Souza Guilhermina de O., Sutuła S., Osial M., Krajewski M., Pękała M., Sobczak K., Felis E., Krysiński P., Methotrexate anti-cancer drug removal using Gd-doped Fe3O4: Adsorption mechanism, thermal desorption and reusability, Groundwater for Sustainable Development, ISSN: 2352-801X, DOI: 10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101103, Vol.25, pp.1-9, 2024nota 8789

Keywords:
Adsorption,Thermal desorption,Gd-doped Fe3O4,Methotrexate

no pdf 8789
52. Ziai Y., Lanzi M., Rinoldi C., Zargarian Seyed S., Zakrzewska A., Kosik-Kozioł A., Nakielski P., Pierini F., Developing strategies to optimize the anchorage between electrospun nanofibers and hydrogels for multi-layered plasmonic biomaterials, Nanoscale Advances, ISSN: 2516-0230, DOI: 10.1039/d3na01022h, pp.1-13, 2024nota 8797

Abstract:
Polycaprolactone (PCL), a recognized biopolymer, has emerged as a prominent choice for diverse biomedical endeavors due to its good mechanical properties, exceptional biocompatibility, and tunable properties. These attributes render PCL a suitable alternative biomaterial to use in biofabrication, especially the electrospinning technique, facilitating the production of nanofibers with varied dimensions and functionalities. However, the inherent hydrophobicity of PCL nanofibers can pose limitations. Conversely, acrylamide-based hydrogels, characterized by their interconnected porosity, significant water retention, and responsive behavior, present an ideal matrix for numerous biomedical applications. By merging these two materials, one can harness their collective strengths while potentially mitigating individual limitations. A robust interface and effective anchorage during the composite fabrication are pivotal for the optimal performance of the nanoplatforms. Nanoplatforms are subject to varying degrees of tension and physical alterations depending on their specific applications. This is particularly pertinent in the case of layered nanostructures, which require careful consideration to maintain structural stability and functional integrity in their intended applications. In this study, we delve into the influence of the fiber dimensions, orientation and surface modifications of the nanofibrous layer and the hydrogel layer's crosslinking density on their intralayer interface to determine the optimal approach. Comprehensive mechanical pull-out tests offer insights into the interfacial adhesion and anchorage between the layers. Notably, plasma treatment of the hydrophobic nanofibers and the stiffness of the hydrogel layer significantly enhance the mechanical effort required for fiber extraction from the hydrogels, indicating improved anchorage. Furthermore, biocompatibility assessments confirm the potential biomedical applications of the proposed nanoplatforms.

pdf 8797
53. Pulov V., Kowalczuk W., Mladenov I.M., Geometry of Enumerable Class of Surfaces Associated with Mylar Balloons, Mathematics, ISSN: 2227-7390, DOI: 10.3390/math12040557, Vol.12, No.4, pp.557-1-18, 2024nota 8801

Abstract:
In this paper, the very fundamental geometrical characteristics of the Mylar balloon like the profile curve, height, volume, arclength, surface area, crimping factor, etc. are recognized as geometrical moments ℐ

Keywords:
Mylar balloons, geometrical moments, elliptic integrals, beta and gamma functions, recursive relations, crimping factor, lemniscate constant

pdf 8801
54. Darban H., Bochenek K., Węglewski W., Basista M.A., Experimental Evaluation and Phase-Field Model of Fracture Behavior of Alumina-Aluminium Graded Composite, Advanced Structured Materials, ISSN: 1869-8433, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-45554-4_4, Vol.199, pp.147-166, 2024nota 8726

Abstract:
Multilayered metal-ceramic composites belong to the class of functionally graded materials with a step-wise gradient in material composition. These advanced structural materials can be tailored to meet design requirements. Aluminum-matrix composites are one of the most attractive metal-ceramic composites due to low specific weight, good thermal conductivity, enhanced specific strength, and low cost of the constituent materials. A comprehensive investigation of the fracture properties and mechanisms of layered aluminum-matrix composites is required to enhance their utilization in practical applications.
This chapter is focused on experiments and modeling of fracture in functionally graded AlSi12-Al2O3 composites. Three-layer bulk disks with 10, 20, and 30% volume fractions of Al2O3 are manufactured through powder metallurgy. Single-edge notched samples (SEVNB) are prepared from the bulk material and tested under four-point bending. The fracture tests are simulated using the phase-field modeling of brittle fracture. In the phase-field models, individual layers are considered homogeneous linear elastic isotropic materials with effective properties estimated by the rule of the mixture. The length scale parameter is calibrated by fitting the numerically determined fracture loads to the experimental data. The phase-field model is then used to investigate the impact of the stacking sequence on the load-displacement curves of the fracture specimens. It is revealed that the stacking sequence may significantly affect the load-displacement curves, including changes to the maximum load and post-peak response. The ability of the phase-field model to capture the crack arrestment, branching, and deflection in functionally graded layered materials is shown.

no pdf 8726
55. Kopeć M., Kukla D., Wyszkowski M., Kowalewski Z.L., High-temperature fatigue testing of turbine blades, FAS, 17th CONFERENCE FATIGUE OF AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES, 2024-01-11/01-12, Warszawa (PL), pp.1-1, 2024pdf 8733
56. Mahendra G., Huu-Quang N., Sohyun K., Birhanu Bayissa G., Lemma Teshome T., Nwaji N., My-Chi Thi N., Juyong G., Jaebeom L., Rugged forest morphology of magnetoplasmonic nanorods that collect maximum light for photoelectrochemical water splitting, Nano Micro Small Journal, ISSN: 1613-6829, DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302980, Vol.19, pp.Small-2302980, 2024nota 8745

Abstract:
A feasible nanoscale framework of heterogeneous plasmonic materials and
proper surface engineering can enhance photoelectrochemical (PEC)
water-splitting performance owing to increased light absorbance, efficient
bulk carrier transport, and interfacial charge transfer. This article introduces a
new magnetoplasmonic (MagPlas) Ni-doped Au@FexOy nanorods (NRs)
based material as a novel photoanode for PEC water-splitting. A two stage
procedure produces core–shell Ni/Au@FexOy MagPlas NRs. The first-step is
a one-pot solvothermal synthesis of Au@FexOy. The hollow FexOy nanotubes
(NTs) are a hybrid of Fe2O3 and Fe3O4, and the second-step is a sequential
hydrothermal treatment for Ni doping. Then, a transverse magnetic
field-induced assembly is adopted to decorate Ni/Au@FexOy on FTO glass to
be an artificially roughened morphologic surface called a rugged forest,
allowing more light absorption and active electrochemical sites. Then, to
characterize its optical and surface properties, COMSOL Multiphysics
simulations are carried out. The core–shell Ni/Au@FexOy MagPlas NRs
increase photoanode interface charge transfer to 2.73 mAcm−2 at 1.23 V RHE.
This improvement is made possible by the rugged morphology of the NRs,
which provide more active sites and oxygen vacancies as the hole transfer
medium. The recent finding may provide light on plasmonic photocatalytic
hybrids and surface morphology for effective PEC photoanodes.

no pdf 8745
57. Anthony C. E., Dickson N. U., Nwaji N., Olawale J. O., Obianuju L. N., Miracle E., Christopher U. S., Obinna O. O., David O. I., Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of Euphorbia sanguine: an in vitro study of its photocatalytic and melanogenesis inhibition activity, Inorganic nano-metal chemistry, ISSN: 2470-1564, DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2021.1891100, Vol.49, pp.Inorganic and nano-metal chemistry-58630, 2024nota 8750

Abstract:
We report on biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Euphorbia sanguinea and its photocatalytic degradation of Congo red dye and melanogenesis inhibition activity of mushroom tyrosine enzyme. Surface Plasmon resonance bands obtained from UV-Vis spectra were within the range 430–436 nm. FT-IR studies reveal the presence of functional groups of the plant metabolites used as stabilizing agents of nanoparticles. The shape of silver nanoparticles is spherical with size ranges about 20–28.8 nm as confirmed by SEM. XRD patterns displayed well-defined crystalline peaks corresponding to the face-centred cubic structures of metallic silver nanoparticles. The results of photocatalysis showed high photocatalytic efficiency of 86% and 90% within 5 min and 60 min, respectively at a rate of solar radiation of in the degradation of Congo red dye. The AgNPs gave dose dependent melanogenesis inhibition activity with IC50 of 71.96 µg/ml, showing non competitive mode of inhibition

no pdf 8750
58. Cofas Vargas Luis., Poma Bernaola A., Capturing the biomechanics of SARS-COV-2/antibody complexes by GōMartini simulation, BPS 2024, Biophysical Society 68th Annual Meeting, 2024-02-10/02-14, Pennsylvania (US), pp.44a, 2024nota 8802

Abstract:
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is a powerful tool for revealing the underlying mechanisms governing protein mechanostability. A typical disadvantage of the all-atom representation is the use of pulling speeds several orders of magnitude higher than those employed in single- molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS). In contrast, coarse-grained (CG) representation has the advantage of reducing the computational cost at the cost of losing information on the interaction strength at protein interfaces. This effect is more pronounced in protein complexes. The GōMartini approach is analternative tool to circumvent this limitation, and in its recent implementation, it employs virtual sites near the C-alpha atom positions in the Martini 3 force field. This approach requires the determination of a contact map that includes the most relevant interactions between residues (i.e., native contacts). Large-scale applications, including mechanical stability and conformational changes, can be studied using the GōMartini. In this work, we have applied this approach to study the mechanostability associated with the immune response. Through refinement of the interaction potential between residues at the interface of the protein complex, we reproduced the results of all-atom MD and contrasted them with reported experimental values. GōMartini approach allows us to approach the speeds of atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilevers in SMFS while preserving crucial information about the interaction between residues. This method is extremely useful in identifying the most crucial interactions that are responsible for the enhanced mechanostability in SARS-CoV-2 variants, information that can be used to develop antibodies with greater affinity.

Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2, immune evasion, coarse-graining, GōMartini, MD simulation, mAb, nanomechanics

pdf 8802
59. Fathalian M., Postek E., Tahani M., Sadowski T., Investigating the Mechanical Characteristics of Al2O3 through Density Functional Theory and Molecular Dynamics, KUKDM 2024, Konferencja Użytkowniów Komputerów Dużej Mocy, 2024-03-13/03-15, Zakopane (PL), pp.17-18, 2024nota 8830

Abstract:
This exploration highlights the essential role of ceramics, nota bly aluminum oxide (Al2O3 ),
in various technological applications due to its remarkable properties, including high mecha-
nical strength and electrical insulation. It underscores the transformative impact of com-
putational approaches such as density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD)
simulations in unraveling Al2O3’s mechanical characteristics. The focus is on key attributes like
surface energy, Young’s modulus, and fracture toughness, providing insights into the atomic-scale mechanisms governing these features. Through the application of DFT and MD simulations,
a deeper understanding emerges regarding how cracks initiate, propagate, and influence overall
fracture behavior, contributing to the advancement of enhanced materials for diverse applica-
tions.

Keywords:
alumina, mechanical properties, crack development, density functional theory, molecular dynamics,

pdf 8830
60. Zabojszcza P., Radoń U., Tauzowski P., Robust and reliability-based design optimization of steel beams, ARCHIVES OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, ISSN: 1230-2945, DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.147651, Vol.69, No.4, pp.125-140, 2023nota 8729

Abstract:
In line with the principles of modern design a building structure should not only be safe but also optimized. In deterministic optimization, the uncertainties of the structures are not explicitly taken into account. Traditionally, uncertainties of the structural system (i.e. material parameters, loads, dimensions of the cross-sections) are considered by means of partial safety factors specified in design codes. Worth noticing, that optimal structures are sensitive to randomness design parameters and deterministic optimal solutions may lead to reduced reliability levels. It therefore seems natural to extend the formulation of deterministic optimization with the random scatter of parameter values. Such a formulation is offered by robust optimization and reliability-based design optimization. The applicability of RBDO is strongly dependent on the availability of the joint probability density function. A formulation of non-deterministic optimization that better adapts to the design realities is robust optimization. Unlike RBDO optimization, this formulation does not require estimation of failure probabilities. In the paper using the examples of steel beams, the authors compare the strengths and weaknesses of both formulations.

Keywords:
first order reliability method, reliability index, reliability-based design optimization, robust optimization

pdf 8729
61. Cheru Fekadu M., Bedasa Abdisa G., Fedlu Kedir S., Birhanu Bayissa G., Nwaji N., Lemma Teshome T., Jaebeom L., Ni-Based Ultrathin Nanostructures for Overall Electrochemical Water Splitting, Material Chemistry Frontiers, ISSN: 2052-1537, DOI: 10.1039/D2QM00964A, Vol.7, pp.Material Chemistry Frontiers-194-215, 2023nota 8746

Abstract:
Hydrogen produced by electrochemical water splitting is considered to be a sustainable fuel source, an
ideal way to solve the energy problem and its environmental challenges. However, industrial production
of hydrogen from water splitting is mainly hindered by sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction
(OER) at the anode and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the cathode in an alkaline solution due
to the difficulty in forming binding protons. Thus, the construction of a highly active and cost-effective
catalyst with abundant oxygen vacancies is critical for enhancing the reaction efficiency and decreasing
the required overpotential. Due to earth-abundance and electrocatalytic activities, Ni-based ultrathin
nanostructures (Ni-utNSs) have attracted immense attention for overall water splitting. Herein, we have
presented a complete summary of recent advancements in Ni-utNSs for overall electrochemical water
splitting. After discussing unique advances in Ni-utNSs, we discussed their properties and crystal
structures. The HER, OER, and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) mechanisms were briefly discussed. We
also discussed several Ni-utNS manufacturing techniques, as well as in situ and ex situ characterization
and computer modeling. Furthermore, the electrochemical water splitting of Ni-utNSs is addressed. This
review can help readers understand the recent progress of Ni-utNS catalysts and gain insight into the
rational design of Ni-utNS catalysts with high electrocatalytic activity.

no pdf 8746
62. Orłowska-Gałęzia A., Graczykowski C., Pawłowski P., Analytical and numerical modelling of thermo-mechanical behaviour of additively manufactured Continuous Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polylactide (CCFRP), ICNSC2023, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NONLINEAR SCIENCE AND COMPLEXITY, 2023-06-10/06-15, Stambuł (TR), pp.1-1, 2023pdf 8791
63. Czyż P., Grabowski F., Vogt J., Beerenwinkel N., Marx A., Beyond Normal: On the Evaluation of Mutual Information Estimators, NeurIPS 2023, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 2023-12-10/12-16, New Orleans (US), pp.1-34, 2023nota 8818

Abstract:
Mutual information is a general statistical dependency measure which has found applications in representation learning, causality, domain generalization and computational biology. However, mutual information estimators are typically evaluated on simple families of probability distributions, namely multivariate normal distribution and selected distributions with one-dimensional random variables. In this paper, we show how to construct a diverse family of distributions with known ground-truth mutual information and propose a language-independent benchmarking platform for mutual information estimators. We discuss the general applicability and limitations of classical and neural estimators in settings involving high dimensions, sparse interactions, long-tailed distributions, and high mutual information. Finally, we provide guidelines for practitioners on how to select appropriate estimator adapted to the difficulty of problem considered and issues one needs to consider when applying an estimator to a new data set.

pdf 8818

Following a comprehensive evaluation by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the Institute of Fundamental Technological Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences has been awarded the highest scientific category A+ in the field of Mechanical Engineering.

Mechanical Engineering is the longest researched science discipline at our Institute, with over 70 years of experience and the largest number of mechanical engineering researchers. However, it is worth mentioning here that the IPPT PAN is multidisciplinary in nature. Therefore, the evaluation covered four different science disciplines. All four have proven a high standard of scientific research, and have been certified to educate students, run doctoral schools, and confer the degrees of doctor and doktor habilitowany [higher DSc degree in many central European countries] in:

  • Mechanical Engineering – category A+
  • Materials Engineering – category A
  • Information Technologies and Telecommunications – category A
  • Biomedical Engineering (the newest addition to our scientific disciplines) – category B+

The categories have been awarded for 2022-2026

The results were announced by the Ministry of Education and Science. A comprehensive evaluation of scientific units (commonly known as “parametrization”) is carried out by the KEJN Komitet Ewaluacji Jednostek Naukowych [Committee of Scientific Units Evaluation], following surveys submitted by scientific units in Poland. The surveys cover 4 years of research (excluding the years 2017-2021 when the evaluation covered five years due to the Covid-19 pandemic).

The latest evaluation has introduced new rules concerning the assessment of scientific activity. Unlike in the past, every discipline and all our researchers have been evaluated. Also taken under scrutiny were individual achievements of students of doctoral schools run by the evaluated entities and who had prepared their doctoral theses. KEJN Teams assigned points based on the following criteria:

  • CRITERION I – scientific level of the conducted research;
  • CRITERION II – scientific research and development which have translated into financial results;
  • CRITERION III – our scientific activity which has impacted the society and economy

uprawnienia IPPT PAN

While the evaluation categories and criteria change, the IPPT PAN has always been top rated and maintained the highest standards of research.

For former evaluation results, see: www

The assignment of the highest scientific category certifies the rank of a scientific unit and puts it in the position of a leader who can undertake initiatives in creating consortia able to apply for substantial funding for the most ambitious of research.

Category A Plus

IPPT PAN

logo ippt            Pawińskiego 5B, 02-106 Warsaw
  +48 22 826 12 81 (central)
  +48 22 826 98 15
 

Find Us

mapka
© Institute of Fundamental Technological Research Polish Academy of Sciences 2024